• Wind Resource.

The weather station also includes wind speed measurement, for solar PV generation purposes (not for wind generation purposes). The very low measured data in this case most probably will not be representative for wind resource assessment. In Figure 6, the measured results are shown and the validation of this resource is described later in the Data collection Section 3.1.

**Figure 6.** Wind speed average variation: (**a**) hourly profile; (**b**) through a year.

• Photovoltaic system.

The measured data for the solar PV generator show an overall annual production of 64.4 MWh which, for a 52.2 kWp generator, represents 1233 equivalent hours. The measured performance ratio derived from measurements is 77.2%. This low value is explained because of the regulation of solar PV generation when the batteries are fully charged, as can be seen in the Figure 7.

**Figure 7.** Solar PV curtailment when the battery is fully charged and are derived from measurements.

• Converters.

Both the overall average energy efficiency of the inverter and the rectifier have been calculated. The average values obtained are 92.33% and 89.71%, respectively (95.8% is the maximum efficiency in the specification sheets).

• Batteries.

The average efficiency has been calculated based on the energy received during charging and the energy delivered during discharge. As a result, an average efficiency of 77.1% has been obtained.

• Diesel generator.

Although there are two generators, only one of them works and the other one is used as a backup in case of breakdown. The system's current operating situation results in 40% of the energy generated resulting from solar energy, with diesel generators operating an average of 8 h a day. This implies a significant reduction in fuel consumption, but also in engine maintenance and extension of their useful life. Due to the facility´s design, the quality of service provided to the population was not affected.

#### **3. Results: Application of the Proposed Methodology to the Case Study**

In this section, the analysis of including wind generation in the existing system in Cerros de Vera will be covered using the proposed methodology. The application of the proposed methodology to the Cerros de Vera case study has been developed in three stages to analyze the feasibility of adding wind energy into the existing electrification system. The stages are: data collection, simulation of the operation of the current electrification system, and the generation and selection of future alternatives. They are sketched in the following diagram in Figure 8 and they will be described in the following subsections.

**Figure 8.** Flow chart for the proposed methodology applied to the case study.
