where,


**Figure 5.** Hourly solar radiation curve for one day in Isla de la Juventud. Source: own elaboration with the model [28].

**Figure 6.** Hourly wind speed measurement (m/s) for one week in "Isla de la Juventud" (50 m height). Source: own elaboration with the model [29].

The production of the residual load has to be carried out with power plants that can be controlled such as fossil fuel condensing power plants, diesel power plants, biomass power plants or hydro power plants (or using storage if it exists). In Cuba, the hydro capacity is so small that it cannot solve the problem of grid balancing.

LINDA allocates the residual load for the fossil fuel based power plants and the user can give them a priority order to define which type of power plants produce and how big share of the residual load. In addition, the model calculates the required ramping rate for residual load production. The ramping rate is calculated for the required 1 to 6 h maximum (increase) and minimum (decrease) changes in residual power production as well as average increase and decrease of residual power production.
