**5. Conclusions**

In comparison with LLIF and PLIF/TLIF procedures for the correction of ASD, the majority of the radiographic parameters were not significantly different between the two groups postoperatively. However, SVA tended to be smaller in the LLIF group at the final follow-up. Overall perioperative complications were comparable in LLIF and PLIF/TLIF for patients with ASD. However, LLIF procedures demonstrated significantly less intraoperative blood loss and a smaller incidence of postoperative epidural hematoma.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, Y.M., T.Y. (Toshitaka Yoshii), K.S., T.H., M.T., T.Y. (Tsuyoshi Yamada), K.O., S.S. (Satoshi Sumiya), Y.A., S.S. (Shigeo Shindo), and A.O.; methodology, Y.M., T.Y. (Toshitaka Yoshii), S.M., K.S., T.H., M.T., T.Y. (Tsuyoshi Yamada), K.K., K.O., S.S. (Satoshi Sumiya), S.T., S.E., Y.A., and S.S. (Shigeo Shindo); collected data, Y.M., K.S., A.K., K.U., J.H., M.Y., I.T., T.Y. (Tsuyoshi Yamada), K.K., S.S. (Satoshi Sumiya), F.N., K.F., and S.T.; data analysis and interpre-tation, Y.M. and T.Y. (Toshitaka Yoshii); writing of initial draft, Y.M. and T.Y. (Toshitaka Yoshii); statistical analyses, Y.M., T.Y. (Toshitaka Yoshii), and S.M.; manuscript revision, T.Y. (Toshitaka Yoshii), T.H., H.I., and A.O.; supervision, T.H., K.O., Y.A., S.S. (Shigeo Shindo), and A.O. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research received no external funding.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the institutional review board of each participating institution (protocol code M2017-115, 25 September 2017).

**Informed Consent Statement:** Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.

**Data Availability Statement:** The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

**Acknowledgments:** We greatly thank Nobuko Nakajima and Yukiko Oya for data collection.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
