**5. Conclusions**

Although females have more pain and dysfunction before undergoing spinal arthrodesis for thoracolumbar deformity and lumbar degenerative disease, the differences in these values do not reach the Minimum Clinically Important Difference (MCID). Post-operatively, there is no difference in pain and function scores among males and females at 3, 6, and 12 months.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, D.C. and M.C.; methodology, M.T.G. and J.A.B.; software, J.A.B.; validation, M.T.G., J.A.B. and N.L.; formal analysis, J.A.B.; investigation, N.L., A.C. and M.T.G.; resources, M.C. and D.C.; data curation, D.C. and M.C.; writing—original draft preparation, M.T.G.; writing—review and editing, M.T.G., N.L., J.A.B., A.C., M.C. and D.C.; supervision, D.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research received no external funding.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Ethical review and approval were waived for this study, due to the use of de-identified patient information.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Patient consent was waived due to the use of retrospective deidentified patient information.

**Data Availability Statement:** Raw data are from a private clinic database, not publicly available.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
