**Hypothesis 1 (H1)**. *System quality has a positive and significant influence on actual use of NR-LAIS (a) on service quality, (b) on information quality, and (c) on perceived ease of use of NRLAIS.*

**Information Quality (INQU)**-INQU is the desirable characteristics of the system outputs, such as outcome reports [60]. All types of generation of information by application of information technology cannot be used for decision making. The INQU represents the success of a land registration information system (LRIS) as the information aid to make appropriate business decisions. Seven attributes are identified, of which five are considered in this study, including availability, usability, accuracy, relevance, understandability, format, and ease of access or retrieval [49]. Information quality is often a dimension of end-user satisfaction instruments. INQU is measured as a component of user satisfaction, since it is often not distinguished as a unique construct. While this holds true, the authors contend and rather support the 2003 modified D&M success model construct, which embedded information quality as an independent construct. Hence, the following is hypothesized.

**Hypothesis 2 (H2)**. *Information quality has a positive and significant influence on actual use of NRLAIS (a) on perceived usefulness and (b) on perceived ease of use of NRLAIS.*

**Service Quality (SRQU)**-According to Petter et al. [49], service quality refers to the quality of the institutional support that system users receive from the IS department and support personnel. Hence, service quality is considered an important organizational dimension that determines individual performance. A specific service quality improvement depends on the status of the measurable service quality attributes, which include five dimensions—tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy [64,65]. Similarly, in this study, the SRQU measures are an internal service provider dimension and are rendered to the woreda NRLAIS users by regional and federal land institutions. The measurement attributes include reliability, availability or assurance, and empathy of support staff. Reliability includes the ability to perform the promised service dependably and accurately. Assurance includes the knowledge and courtesy of an IT (technical) and operational support staff and their ability to inspire trust and confidence to the woreda land administration experts. Empathy, on the other hand, includes the caring and individualized attention the IT and support staff provides its woreda land administration experts. In addition, SRQU significantly affects information quality, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and intention to use. Hence, the following is hypothesized.

**Hypothesis 3 (H3)**. *Service quality has a positive and significant influence on actual use of NRALIS (a) on perceived ease of use, (b) on information quality, and (c) on perceived usefulness of NRLAIS.*

**Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU)**-The extent to which individuals believe that using part of a system does not require much effort is known as perceived ease of use [47]. TAM is considered a flexible model, as it includes variables that explain technology acceptance. Perceived ease of use has a direct impact on behavioral intention and on perceived usefulness [45]. Hence, the following is hypothesized.

**Hypothesis 4 (H4)**. *Perceived ease of use has a positive and significant effect on actual use of NRLAIS (a) on perceived usefulness of NRLAIS.*

**Perceived Usefulness**-Davis [47] proposed that certain factors such as perceived usefulness, attitude, and perceived ease of use can be the components of TAM. TAM defines individual positive or negative reactions towards a certain thing, which are referred to as attitudes. However, the perspectives of individuals of a certain system being useful to them through influencing their performance are called perceived usefulness [49]. Innovative technologies' acceptance or adoption can be determined and explained by perceived usefulness. TAM further discovered usefulness as one of the noteworthy perceptions leading to intention to adopt new systems. TAM contends that actual system use is an indicator of IS success and is associated with the ultimate impact rendered from IS [49,66]. Hence, in this study, PRUS and PEOU represent the perceived behavior of the woreda land administration experts towards acceptance and actual use of the system for the daily operational success of NRLAIS.

Hence, the following was hypothesized.

**Hypothesis 5 (H5)**. *Perceived usefulness has a positive and significant effect on actual use of NRLAIS.*

**System Actual Use (SYAU)**-Petter et al. [49] reviewed the updated DeLone and McLean 2003 IS success model and added service quality as a new dimension, grouping all "impact" measures into a single "net benefit" [49]. The construction of "system actual use" and "intent to use" are still considered in this model as an important measure. Hence, the authors considered system actual use (SYAU) in the proposed research model. The research model is graphically represented in Figure 1 below.

**Figure 1.** Research model with latent variables and hypotheses construct adapted from information system success model and technology acceptance model.
