*4.1. The Typology of Values*

Values, apart from being a set of belief systems or culture, are the core instruments in expressing, interpreting, and understanding viewpoints in the planning process. They also represent a core embedment of the planning experience from conceptualisation to the outcome and its monitoring and further alterations in plans.

Further, each of these four main elements or dimensions (in Figure 2) produces particular *core values* that enable the operation of spatial planning (as a comprehensive process) and the creation of preconditions for further changes in land use and space through spatial development. The interrelation between these four dimensions manifests in six types of core values that influence spatial planning. Based on developed useful classifications and assessments' approaches, the typology of *spatial (territorial) values* is proposed (in Table 1).


**Table 1.** Values and their characteristics.

"Spatially allocated values are the ones that may be recognised spatially as both provided by ecosystems and human-made formations. Ecosystems, e.g., agricultural and forest land and ecological landscapes, are an essential part of natural capital. Their quality is the basis for environmental viability. However, the impact of human beings on ecosystems is considerable. Ecosystems provide humans with services that are relevant for survival, health, and welfare/culture. Human-made formations, e.g., developments, improvements, and utility supply, are an essential part of human-made capital. Its quality is the basis for socio-economic equity. Human-made formations provide humans with services that are relevant for dwelling, workplace, and recreation.
