*2.4. Questionnaire Design*

Both close-ended and open-ended questions (see Appendix A) were designed and administered to the sampled participants. Respondents were requested to rate their level of satisfaction for 33 closed questions raised for 9 categories (5 enablers and 4 results in the EFQM excellence model) related to their organizational circumstances. Benchmarking this model, a number of scholars [37–43] have evaluated the perceptions of respondents based on Likert scale data. The questionnaire contained both positively and negatively worded items to identify random responses. Close-ended responses are bounded between 1–5 scores and represent "Not at all satisfied", "Slightly satisfied", "Moderately satisfied", "Very satisfied", and "Completely satisfied".
