*4.4. Land Tenure Disputes on Property Regimes*

Table 4 documents the ranked assessment of the respondents' perceptions of the frequency of land tenure disputes related to the four property regimes (state, common, private, and communal). Drawing from the data, the perceptions of the respondents about the land tenure dispute situations on these four property regimes were assessed and ranked in order of frequency. Disputes associated with communal land property regimes were enormous (76%) in both rural and peri-urban areas. The results show that communal land is facing severe encroachment and misuse problems. The data show that the perceived high rank of disputes on common land (about 10%) is actually small and similar for both rural and peri-urban respondents. For state lands in both study areas, about 85% of respondents reported that landholding disputes are relatively few, and only about 6–7% of the respondents in both areas reported a high frequency of land disputes. Thus, there are low frequencies of disputes related to state-owned lands because these are often found far from residential sites in lowland areas.


**Table 4.** Land tenure disputes on different property regime types (multiple responses).
