**3. Results**

Planulae larvae of *C. xamachana* and *C. frondosa* swam significantly (*p* ≤ 0.05, ANOVA) slower in higher concentrations of oxybenzone (Figure 2). The swim speeds for each species were not significantly different from each other; however, they were about a third slower when the concentration of oxybenzone was highest. The larvae of both species had very erratic swimming patterns (e.g., swimming in circles around a point, swimming slower, turning repeatedly) and experienced significant death (*p* ≤ 0.05, ANOVA) in 228 μg/L of oxybenzone, whereas they exhibited normal swimming patterns at <2.28 μg/L oxybenzone (Figure 3). The larvae were significantly slower settling and metamorphosing (*p* ≤ 0.05, ANOVA) into polyps = scyphistomae at the highest concentration of oxybenzone tested (228 μg/L, Figure 4).

**Figure 2.** The relationship between average (± s.d.) swim speed (cm/sec) of larvae of *Cassiopea xamachana* and *C. frondosa* and the concentration of oxybenzone. \* = significantly different (ANOVA, *p* ≤ 0.05) from 0, 0.00228, 0.0228, 0.228 μg/L oxybenzone.

**Figure 3.** The average number of larvae remaining in the wells after each time period per concentration of oxybenzone. Dark bars: *Cassiopea xamachana,* Light bars: *Cassiopea frondosa.* \* = significantly different (ANOVA, *p* ≤ 0.05) from controls.
