*4.2. Pedagogic Perspective*

Students reported feeling more engaged with the syllabus content after the conclusion of the challenge. Additionally, students strengthened their understanding of different concepts, competencies and skills by systematically presenting, reporting and discussing their results to the different stakeholders. This interaction prepares the students for a real-world situation in which different points of view (citizens, academia, government, industries) contribute to the development of solutions. In a similar manner, students mentioned they enjoyed seeing real-life situations from different perspectives, learning new skills and tools, reviewing the concepts learned in class in a more practical hands-on manner, and acquiring experience in real-life problem solving.

However, it was also observed that despite the students' motivation and creativity, they initially require step-by-step directions on the activities that they should perform to solve the challenge, especially in challenges that involve experimental work.

The learnings, advantages and disadvantages of the Challenge Living Lab and challenge implementation are presented in Table 1.


**Table 1.** Campus City Challenge Living Lab learnings, advantages and disadvantages.
