**Figure 9.** *Cont*.

**Figure 9.** Daily average SSTs simulated using the sbPOM during Typhoons Tembin and Bolaven (26–30 August 2012). (**a**) Results from 26 July minus results from 27 July; (**b**) results from 27 July minus results from 28 July; (**c**) results from 28 July minus results from 29 July; (**d**) results from 29 July minus results from 30 July.

**Figure 10.** *Cont*.

**Figure 10.** Daily average SSTs simulated using the sbPOM during the Chan-hom and Linfa typhoons on 7–11 July 2015. (**a**) Results from 7 July minus results from 8 July; (**b**) results from 8 July minus results from 9 July; (**c**) results from 9 July minus results from 10 July; (**d**) results from 10 July minus results from 11 July.

**Figure 11.** (**a**) The vertical mixing profile on 27 and 28 August 2012 at Site A in Figure 10a, and (**b**) the vertical mixing profile on 10 and 11 July 2015 at Site B in (**a**). Note that Kh represents the mixing induced by heat flux, and Km represents the mixing induced by momentum.

Two sites (A and B) were selected to further investigate the vertical profile of temperature cooling (Figure 12). At Site B (Figure 12b), which is near the point where the two typhoon paths crossed, the depth of the typhoon-induced disturbance reached 150 m. The vertical temperature profile simulated by sbPOM for the parallel-type typhoon path indicated that the maximum depth of the typhoon-induced disturbance was about 50 m at

Site A (Figure 12a), and that the wave-induced effects of water temperature weakened with increasing depth. Thus, temperature reduction and typhoon-induced disturbance depth were both greater for cross-type typhoon paths than for parallel-type typhoon paths. A previous one-dimensional ocean mixed layer model (OMLM-Noh) [55] showed that the mixed layer deepened to 45 and 25 m for the typhoons Hagibis and Mitag, respectively. Our work may have identified a deeper mixed layer because the one-dimensional mixed layer model only considers mixing effects, whereas our model included Stokes drift effects.

**Figure 12.** (**a**) The vertical temperature profile simulated using the sbPOM on 27 and 28 August 2012 at Site A in Figure 10a, and (**b**) the vertical temperature profile simulated using the sbPOM on 10 and 11 July 2015 at Site B in Figure 11a.
