**Appendix B**

To validate the analytical assumption regarding constant temperature in heated area and area at room temperature in the kinematic push-bending phase, the temperature fields in the simulation and experiment are evaluated (Figure A1). The thermographic measurements were carried out using a VarioCam HD produced by InfraTec, Dresden, Germany. For both the numerical and experimental temperature distribution the temperature near, the area at room temperature cools down to up to 400 ◦C. As the forming zone is at the beginning of the heated zone, the difference of temperature distribution between numerical and analytical results is negligible.

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**Figure A1.** Temperature distribution in the kinematic push-bending phase for 600 ◦C heating temperature and 8 mm/s feed velocity. (**a**) simulated temperature distribution, (**b**) thermographic measurement.
