**Lifestyle Risk Score and CVD**

Finally, there is a growing trend to comprise the "risk score" in risk assessments for any conditions, such as polygenic risk scores comprising a number of common genetic variations [20]. Given that any type of CVD is associated with multiple factors, it is reasonable that such scores perform better than any single variable or parameter. Currently, the American Heart Association is advocating for the Life's Simple 7 (LS7), which consists of 7 modifiable lifestyle behaviors and medical factors, including diet, obesity, physical activity, smoking status, blood pressure, cholesterol, and glucose level) in order to reduce the prevalence of CVD and stroke [21]. This score is quite useful because it consists of simple variables that can be obtained anywhere in the world; therefore, it can be applicable to people of all ethnicities. In this Special Issue, Nishikawa et al. investigated the association between Life's Simple 7 scores among Japanese citizens and the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF). They found that healthy lifestyle scores were associated with lower incidence rates of AF [22]. Interestingly, this trend is more remarkable among younger generations than among older generations, clearly suggesting that interventions for lifestyle factors may be better recommended for younger individuals in whom we can expect more benefits.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, H.T., M.T. and M.-a.K.; manuscript preparation, H.T., M.T. and M.-a.K.; review and editing, H.T., M.T. and M.-a.K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research received no external funding.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.

#### **References**

