*5.3. Swine Wastewater*

A greater emphasis on the use of swine wastewater treatment is currently being advocated for, with some studies showing that a 110 L capacity MFC can achieve a maximum of 5 kg COD/m<sup>3</sup> .day reduction, representing a 65% efficiency in terms of COD removal while generating 110 Wh/kg COD net energy [110]. In another case study, about 85.6%, 70.2% and 93.9% of ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total organic compounds were removed using *Chlorella vulgaris* algal-biocathode photosynthetic MFC, achieving a maximum power density of 3.7 W/m<sup>3</sup> with carbon dioxide sequestration. Others reported swine wastewater treatment while generating a maximum power density of 45 mW/m<sup>2</sup> in MFC made up of two-chambered aqueous cathodes [111]. In a further experiment of similar wastewater, a maximum power density of 261 mW/m<sup>2</sup> was generated in an MFC made up of a single-chambered air-cathode [112], whereas 382 mW/m<sup>2</sup> was recorded elsewhere [113].
