*2.7. Saponification Value of Oils*

The saponification value (SV) represents the quantity of sodium hydroxide (as an alternative to potassium hydroxide), expressed in milligrams, necessary to neutralize all the fatty acids present in one g of fat sample. The analytical determination of SV was carried out according with Wakita et al. [25].

The oil sample (2 g) was weighed into a 250 mL flask and 25 mL of NaOH 0.50 N ethanolic solution were added. The mixture was heated up to 50 ◦C, under constant magnetic stirring (300 rpm) for 90 min. Subsequently, the mixture was cooled to 30 ◦C and 0.5 mL of phenolphthalein solution was added.

The solution was titrated with HCl 0.50 N until the color of the indicator changed, the titration was also carried out without the sample, only with solution. The analyses were carried out in triplicate, obtaining an average of the volumes of HCl consumed; the values are reported in Table 1.

The saponification values were expressed in milligrams of sodium hydroxide needed to saponify 1 g of oil.
