*4.3. Cassava Mill Effluents*

In the processing of cassava to produce starch, a large number of effluents rich in COD and total solids with high acidic pH, including a minute concentration of cyanide, are released to freshwater streams can be alternatively redirected for energy generation in MFC technology. The starch processing industry effluent is rich in carbohydrates. It usually consists of a high organic content, which ranges from 10–16 g/L, thus making it suitable for use in MFCs. Some studies have demonstrated the feasibility and biodegradability of such effluent in MFCs for the treatment of cassava mill effluent, with a high percentage (88%) of COD being removed, while 1.7 W/m<sup>2</sup> of power was generated [78,93]. An increase in energy recovery of 22.19 W/m<sup>3</sup> in a single-chambered MFC was also recorded after adding a buffer solution for pH correction to within the range 5–9 [68]. Many microbial species such as *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*, *Bacillus cereus*, *Bacillus subtilis*, *Escherichia coli*, *Saccharomyces cerevisiae*, *Aspergillus niger*, *Aspergillus flavus*, and *Rhizopus* sp., were all found to be in the anodic biofilms in the MFC treating cassava mill effluent [94].
