*Article* **Prediction of Compressive Strength of Rice Husk Ash Concrete through Different Machine Learning Processes**

**Ammar Iqtidar 1,\* , Niaz Bahadur Khan <sup>2</sup> , Sardar Kashif-ur-Rehman <sup>1</sup> , Muhmmad Faisal Javed <sup>1</sup> , Fahid Aslam <sup>3</sup> , Rayed Alyousef <sup>3</sup> , Hisham Alabduljabbar <sup>3</sup> and Amir Mosavi 4,5,\***


**Abstract:** Cement is among the major contributors to the global carbon dioxide emissions. Thus, sustainable alternatives to the conventional cement are essential for producing greener concrete structures. Rice husk ash has shown promising characteristics to be a sustainable option for further research and investigation. Since the experimental work required for assessing its properties is both time consuming and complex, machine learning can be used to successfully predict the properties of concrete containing rice husk ash. A total of 192 data points are used in this study to assess the compressive strength of rice husk ash blended concrete. Input parameters include age, amount of cement, rice husk ash, super plasticizer, water, and aggregates. Four soft computing and machine learning methods, i.e., artificial neural networks (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), multiple nonlinear regression (NLR), and linear regression are employed in this research. Sensitivity analysis, parametric analysis, and correlation factor (R<sup>2</sup> ) are used to evaluate the obtained results. The ANN and ANFIS outperformed other methods.

**Keywords:** rice husk ash; sustainable concrete; artificial neural networks; multiple linear regression; eco-friendly concrete; green concrete; sustainable development; artificial intelligence; data science; machine learning
