2.1.1. Cement and Bagasse Ash

Ordinary Portland cement (ASTM Type-I) from the Cherat cement factory was used for the preparation of the TSC. Twenty-eight-day strength of cement was up to 69 MPa. The fineness of the cement was 93.15%. The surface area of the cement was 2137 cm2/gm.

Bagasse ash was brought from Premier sugar mill, Mardan, Pakistan. It was then ground/ crushed in PCSIR, Peshawar, Pakistan. It was passed through sieve#200. The specific gravity of bagasse ash was 1.35. The surface area of the bagasse ash was 2840.7 cm2/gm. The chemical composition of the bagasse is shown in Table 1 and was used according to ASTM C618 criteria. ground/crushed in PCSIR, Peshawar, Pakistan. It was passed through sieve#200. The specific gravity of bagasse ash was 1.35. The surface area of the bagasse ash was 2840.7 cm2/gm. The chemical composition of the bagasse is shown in Table 1 and was used according to ASTM C618 criteria.

Ordinary Portland cement (ASTM Type-I) from the Cherat cement factory was used for the preparation of the TSC. Twenty-eight-day strength of cement was up to 69 MPa. The fineness of the cement was 93.15%. The surface area of the cement was 2137 cm2/gm. Bagasse ash was brought from Premier sugar mill, Mardan, Pakistan. It was then

*Crystals* **2021**, *11*, x FOR PEER REVIEW 3 of 11

**Table 1.** Chemical composition of bagasse ash.


**Table 1.** Chemical composition of bagasse ash.

### 2.1.2. Aggregates 2.1.2. Aggregates

Coarse and fine aggregates were obtained from a quarry near COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan. The concrete waste from a demolished building was obtained from an empty plot near Daewoo terminal, Abbottabad, Pakistan. The demolished concrete waste was crushed with the help of a crusher to obtain the RCA. Twenty-five millimeters was the maximum size of both the natural and recycled aggregates. Table 2 shows the physical properties of both the natural and recycled aggregates. Coarse and fine aggregates were obtained from a quarry near COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan. The concrete waste from a demolished building was obtained from an empty plot near Daewoo terminal, Abbottabad, Pakistan. The demolished concrete waste was crushed with the help of a crusher to obtain the RCA. Twenty-five millimeters was the maximum size of both the natural and recycled aggregates. Table 2 shows the physical properties of both the natural and recycled aggregates.

**Table 2.** Physical properties of the natural, recycled coarse, and fine aggregates.


Density 1532.3 kg/m3 1399.2 kg/m3 1610 kg/m3
