*3.1. Scan Data Obtainment*

The model set is a length 1.3 m × width 1.0 m × height 1.6 m formwork, consisting of steel vertical poles and horizontal tubes. The model set contains 77 standard poles and 270 tubes. The steel bars are connected via couplers, the longitudinal spacing of vertical pole is set as 12 cm, the transverse spacing of pole is 15 cm, and the lift height (the distance between two neighbouring tubes) is 10 cm. The simulated defects were purposefully set including: the leftmost longitudinal pole is not vertical to the ground but inclined 1 degree; the first top longitudinal tube is not parallel to the ground and is inclined 1 degree; the distance between the 5th and 6th longitudinal poles on the front side is 14 cm; the distance between the 5th and 6th transverse poles on the leftmost side is 17 cm; and the space between the 10th and 11th transverse tubes on the leftmost side is 12 cm. The details of the formwork dimensions are shown in Figure 2.

**Figure 2.** *Cont*.

**Figure 2.** *Cont*.

(**c**)

**Figure 2.** The high formwork model with simulated defects (**a**) The high formwork model, (**b**) The front side of the high formwork model, (**c**) The leftmost side of the high formwork model, (**d**) The plan view of the high formwork model.
