**6. Conclusions**

In this study, a series of virtual SSTTs on frame–damper systems were conducted using GCR algorithms and stiffness-based beam-column elements with fiber sections. Four types of secondary structure-type dampers were adopted to attenuate the seismic vibration of the primary structure. The effects of the mass ratio, integration parameters of the GCR algorithms, the time step, and time delay on the SSTT results were studied. Some important conclusions are summarized as follows:


**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, B.F. and J.C.; methodology, B.F. and H.J.; validation, B.F. and J.C.; investigation, B.F. and J.C.; data curation, B.F.; writing—original draft preparation, B.F. and H.J.; writing—review and editing, J.C.; funding acquisition, B.F. and J.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51908048, 52008074), the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (Grant No. 2020JQ-382), the Young Talent Fund of University Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi, China (Grant No. 20200412), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, CHD (Grant No. 300102280107), the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Green Building in Western China (Grant No. LSKF202007), and the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and System Safety of Traffic Engineering Structures (Grant No. KF2021-03).

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** The data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
