3.1.1. Authors

We found that 43% of the articles were written by one author, 13% by two authors, 14% by three authors. The articles with the most authors have 14 and 16. There are a total of 264 authors, being 158 men researchers (60%) and 106 women researchers (40%). Concerning the country of affiliation of the authors: 68% belong to Brazil, 11% to the United States of America, 6% to the United Kingdom, 3% from The Netherlands, 2% from Argentina, and 2% from Spain. The rest of the affiliations are from other countries such as Australia, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Korea, Mexico, Norway, Panamá, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, Uganda, and Venezuela. Four of these countries were included in the last three years. In six cases, the authors had affiliations in two countries; thus, we counted as one participation for each country. The foreign institutions with the largest amount of authors are Wageningen University (The Netherlands) with nine authors; the University of Florida (USA) with six authors; Oxford University (UK), the Autonomous University of Barcelona (Spain), the University of Montpellier (France) with four authors each, and La Plata National University (Argentina), the University of New Hampshire (USA), the University of Zulia (Venezuela) with three authors each.

There is a participation of 34 Brazilian universities (state, federal, communitarian, and private), and other affiliations including federal institutions - Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), National Research Institute of the Amazon (INPA), National Institute of Spatial Research (INPE), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden (JBRJ), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation-; state institutions—Rio de Janeiro State Secretary of the Environment, Rio de Janeiro State Environment Institute (INEA), Paulistan Agency of Technology for Agribusiness (APTA), São Paulo State Secretary of Education, Acre State Secretary of Administrative Management-; and other non-governmental organizations-Bird Life/SAVE Brasil, C&T Assessoria e Consultoria Ambiental, Itati Environmental Consultancy, Mamirauá Sustainable

Development Institute, Socioenvironmental Institute. These results show the diversity of research centers that recognize Historical Ecology as a topic worth researching.

The institutions with more publications are University of São Paulo (including its different campi, schools, and institutes) (23), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (16), Federal University of Pará (12), Amazonia National Research Institute (8), Tulane University (7), Federal University of Santa Catarina (7), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (7), University of Florida (7), Federal University of West Pará (6), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (5), Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institute (4), Amazonas Federal University (4), Pernambuco Federal Rural University (4). The states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo hold the largest amount of research institutions.

The authors with more publications are: William Balée (Tulane University) (7), Nivaldo Peroni (Federal University of Santa Catarina) (6), Charles R. Clement (Amazonia National Research Institute) (5), Eduardo Goés Neves (University of São Paulo) (5), Glenn Harvey Shepard Jr. (Emílio Goeldi Paraense Museum) (5), Helena Pinto Lima (Emílio Goeldi Paraense Museum) (5), Michael Heckenberger (University of Florida) (5), Morgan J. Schmidt (Emílio Goeldi Paraense Museum) (5), Denise Schaan (Federal University of Pará) (4), Marcos Pereira Magalh<sup>ã</sup>es (Emílio Goeldi Paraense Museum) (4), Rogério Ribeiro de Oliveira (Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro) (4), Alexandro Solórzano (Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro) (3), André Pinassi Antunes (Amazonia National Research Institute) (3), Carolina Levis (Federal University of Santa Catarina) (3), Simone Rezende da Silva (University of São Paulo) (3).

The recurrent fields of knowledge in the departments and centers of affiliation with more than 40 authors are ecology, environment, and biology; anthropology appears with 34 authors. Humanities and social sciences have 28 authors. Archaeology and geography have 22 and 20 authors, respectively. Ethnosciences count with 17 authors. Agriculture (which includes agronomy, aquaculture, and soil science) has 15 authors. History has seven authors. Other departments that appeared only once or twice are Language, pedagogy, education, and rural development. The wide array of knowledge areas confirms the multidisciplinary nature of Historical Ecology.
