*3.3. Where*

On the one hand, this section presents the biome studied, and on the other hand, the spatial scale of the research.

### 3.3.1. Studied Biome and Affiliations Per Biome

We registered in which Brazilian biome the research was conducted. There were cases where the research dealt with more than one biome. We found that five articles did not work with any biome: two of them are studies about marine environments, and therefore, the terrestrial biomes classification could not be used. Totalizing, 60% worked in the Amazon, 31% in the Atlantic Forest, making 91% of the articles (these figures include the articles studying one or more biomes). Five works study the Amazon and the Atlantic Forest [68,71–74]; three articles study the Cerrado Biome (Brazilian savannah) and the Atlantic Forest [75–77]; one studies the Amazon, the Atlantic Forest, and the Cerrado [78]; one studies the Atlantic Forest and Pampa [79]; two study the Cerrado [80,81], one the Pampa [82] and three the Caatinga [83–85]. There are no articles about Pantanal. Figure 2 shows the number of works per biome, the number of authors per affiliation in Brazil, and the city of localization (for a more detailed list of affiliations, please see Table A1 of Appendix A). Some cities such as Bauru, São Carlos, and Belo Horizonte are located in the transition zone between the Atlantic Forest and the Cerrado.

**Figure 2.** Informative map of the number of works per biome and number of authors by city according to affiliation in Brazil. For more detailed information on affiliations, please see Appendix A.

Figure 3 shows the relation between works per studied biome and biome of affiliation's city. This is helpful to know if the authors research in the biome where they are based. Almost 80% of the authors with international affiliation -outside Brazil- researched the Amazon, 12% in the Atlantic Forest, and the rest studied the other biomes. Argentina stands out as the country that researches the Pampa: an ecological region shared between the southern part of Brazil, the northern part of Argentina, and Uruguay. For studies in the Amazon, 77% of authors are affiliated to institutions located in the Amazon, whereas 19% are located in the Atlantic Forest. For research in the Atlantic Forest, on its own or in combination with other biomes like Cerrado, Pampa, or the Amazon, 79% of the authors are affiliated to institutions in the Atlantic Forest. For Caatinga, 75% of the authors are affiliated to institutions in the Atlantic Forest, the rest in the Caatinga. Cerrado and Pampa are studied by authors affiliated with institutions out of these biomes. There are no works and no authors affiliated in any city in Pantanal.

**Figure 3.** Relation between works per studied biome and biome of affiliation's city. The size of the circles represents the number of works done–the bigger the circle, the higher amount of works- in each specific combination of studied biome and biome where the city of affiliation is located. Int-International; Am-Amazon; AF-Atlantic Forest; C-Cerrado; Caa-Caatinga; P-Pampa; AF-C—Atlantic Forest, Cerrado; AF-Am—Atlantic Forest, Amazon; AF-P—Atlantic Forest, Pampa; AF-Am-C—Atlantic Forest, Amazon, Cerrado.

### 3.3.2. Spatial Scale of the Study

Regarding the spatial scales, the most common one is working at a regional scale with 49% of the articles [68,86–92], 25% were conducted at a local level [93–95], 11% worked at a biome level [96–99], 10% worked at the international level [100–102], and 4% analyzed the national level [72,103,104].
