*Article*

### **Ancient Environmental Preference and the Site Selection Pattern Based on the Edge E** ff**ect and Network Structure in An Ecosystem**

### **Jianfeng Zhu 1,2, Lijun Yu 1,\*, Yueping Nie 1, Fang Liu 1,2, Yu Sun 3, Yuanzhi Zhang 2,4 and Wenping Song 5**


Received: 22 November 2019; Accepted: 27 December 2019; Published: 31 December 2019

**Abstract:** Archaeological sites are facing serious threats from environmental changes in the background of urban sprawl. More e fforts are needed to enhance the cognition of human–environment interactions for better conservation. Under the traditional geomantic view, the environmental preference involved was presented to guide ancient life. In this study, we analyzed the edge e ffect and network structure of two periods in an ecological transition zone where the ancient sites were located. From the cases of Gouzhang and Yinxian, the separability of edge intensity indicated the different site selection patterns because of the discrepancy of patch fragmentation and ecological structure. Additionally, the different trends of the edge effect were thought to be related to the complexity of the ecological network. Besides that, the ancient cities located in or around the high-centrality terrain in the network of closed space could have provided the convenience of accessing living materials from early ecosystems. In practice, the comprehensive methods based on geomantic and ecological analysis proved effective when used to explore possible areas of the undiscovered archaeological sites. What is more important is that traditional environmental perceptions could be integrated into a scientific system of the ecological landscape and contribute more to archaeological research and the study of ancient culture.

**Keywords:** site selection; archaeological sites; edge e ffect; ecological network; geomantic environment
