*4.5. COVID-19 Serum Cytokine and Chemokine Detection*

To evaluate the response of cytokines, chemokines, and other immune molecules, sera were quantified by Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine 48-Plex Screening kit (Bio-Rad), as per the manufacturer's instructions.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, A.D., C.-T.H. and C.-T.Y.; methodology, C.-G.H. and K.- C.T.; validation, S.-R.S., C.-T.H. and C.-T.Y.; formal analysis, A.D. and C.-G.H.; investigation, S.-M.L., P.-Y.C., M.-J.H. and Y.-C.H.; data curation, A.D. and C.-G.H.; writing—original draft preparation, A.D. and C.-T.H.; writing—review and editing, A.D., C.-T.H. and C.-T.Y.; supervision, C.-T.H., S.-R.S. and C.-T.Y.; project administration, C.-T.H., S.-R.S. and C.-T.Y.; funding acquisition, A.D., C.-T.H., S.-R.S. and C.-T.Y. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** Avijit Dutta was supported by special researcher recruitment program of the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST-107-2811-B-182A-505 & MOST 108-2811-B-182A-517). The Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections receives support from The Featured Areas Research Center Program within the framework of the Higher Education Sprout Project by the Ministry of Education (MOE), Taiwan. This work was also supported by the Projects CMRPG3J1501 (C.- T.H.) and CORPG5K0011 (C.-T.Y.) from Medical Research Project Fund, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no competing interest.

**Statistical Analysis:** We used Graph Pad Prism version 5 for statistical analyses. Data represented as mean ± SD, Pearson r values for correlation, and *p* values for two-tailed unpaired Student's *t*-test in the text.

#### **References**

