**2. Methodology**

This paper addresses the research question in three steps: (1) reviewing different conceptual frameworks regarding impacts to understand and analyze the role of lowcarbon lifestyles (Section 2.1), (2) reviewing the UNFCCC through the lens of a typical policy cycle in order to identify various instruments where low-carbon lifestyles could be included (Section 2.2), and (3) application of these two frameworks to conduct a review of whether and how various policy documents under the UNFCCC address low-carbon lifestyles (Section 2.3).

### *2.1. Framing Low-Carbon Lifestyles*

In order to explore whether sustainable lifestyles and sustainable consumption are included in NDCs and other climate policy documents relevant to the Paris Agreement, we will first summarize different frameworks that have been used to make the case that lifestyles are a vital element of mitigation strategies.

Mitigation pathways can be analyzed in different ways when looking for the role of individual or collective lifestyles in achieving these targets. Various frameworks help to understand the dynamics that contribute to emissions, and hence the leverage points along supply chains where responses to climate change mitigation would be most effective and efficient.

In this section, we will review frameworks before selecting a categorization methodology to assess to what extent sustainable lifestyles and sustainable consumption are included in NDCs and climate change policies.
