*5.5. Actor Strategies*

As explained in Section 3, the BS4-to-BS6 leapfrog involved three sub-transitions: Availability of BS6-compliant fuel and vehicles and the ban on the sales of new BS4- compliant vehicles after 31 March 2020. The actors' strategies in response to key events are elaborated in the following sections. Figure 3 provides an overview of the dynamic positioning of actors.

**Figure 3.** Dynamic positioning of actors.

5.5.1. Introduction of the BS4-to-BS6 Draft Policy (February 2016)


5.5.2. Finalisation of BS4-to-BS6 Transition (October 2018)


### 5.5.3. Automobile Industry Slowdown (June 2019)

Despite the sluggish growth from the beginning of 2019 until June 2019, SIAM and FADA anticipated positive sales.


### 5.5.4. Announcement of Tax Reductions (July 2019)


5.5.5. Launch of First BS6 Compliant Vehicle (September 2019)


5.5.6. Public Events on BS4 Vehicles (September 2019)


5.5.7. Launch of BS6-Compliant Fuel and Vehicles (October and November 2019)


"Leapfrogging from BS-IV to BS-VI is a testimony of our Govt's commitment to reduce vehicular pollution and ensure a cleaner India" (Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, 15 November 2019, Twitter).


5.5.8. Renegotiation of the BS4 Transition Timeline by FADA (December 2019)


5.5.9. Massive Discounts on BS4 Vehicles (January–February 2020)


### 5.5.10. Advancement of Transition Timeline (February 2020)

SIAM approached the Supreme Court of India to ensure all the sub-national governments and financial institutes follow the nationally determined transition timeline.

### 5.5.11. Bank Crisis (March 2020)

FADA sought intervention from the Minister of Road Transport and Highways and Minister of Finance to help them unload the BS4 inventories.

### 5.5.12. Covid-19 National Lockdown (24 March 2020)

Members of SIAM continued to supply BS4 vehicles to FADA despite their multiple requests.


5.5.13. Extension of Transition Timeline (27 March 2020)


5.5.14. Announcement on Completion of the BS4 to BS6 Transition (1 April 2020)

