4.1.2. Infrastructure

**Mobility** received a high level of responses, 36, with the discussion focused on access and demand, mobility technology, and transportation mode (see Table 2). For **access and demand**, there were views on reduced mobility demand due to digital transformation through video conferencing, teleworking, and labour platforms. Respondents also mentioned the drivers of increased mobility demand due to globalisation, conflict, and climate change. Although technological development would result in lower mobility costs, there are also concerns over unequal access to this technology based on affordability. The dominant change in **mobility technology** appears to be in automated vehicles, with electric/hybrid vehicles likely to have a larger share of the automobile market due to increased regulations on vehicles using fossil fuels. Other technology such as high-speed transport will also increase. In **transportation mode**, there were reported changes in considering mobility as a service for sharing, and people use public transport more often which results in fewer cars.



Notes: Infrastructure changes were mentioned as part of the changes in daily living from the *Global Foresight Survey of Potential Changes in Society by 2050: Perspectives of Research Institutes and NGOs*. Multiple labels were allowed per response, and frequency of counts is in parentheses. The unit of analysis is reported changes in daily living, and each respondent could report up to two changes. N = 44.

The **housing** domain had only eight responses, and the discussion focused on housing supply and technology (see Table 2). In **housing supply**, a housing shortage due to climate change and rapid urbanisation would result in people shifting to smaller homes; housing would also incorporate green amenities in response to climate change. In **technology**, houses will likely incorporate the latest environmental technology and become 'smart homes', but again, technological innovation in housing will only be available those who can a fford it.

### 4.1.3. Work and Education

**Work** is the domain that received the most responses—47 of 258—and responses focused on three areas: Labour market, format of work, and meaning of work (see Table 3). For the **labour market**, one key change is the replacement of human labour by AI, robotics, and automation, which will likely cause significant unemployment alongside changes to the labour market involving a demand for irreplaceable highly skilled and new-skilled jobs, as well as service- and human-centred jobs. The labour market itself will become more fluid, and permanent employment is likely to disappear. There were also responses on increased job opportunities from a sharing economy, with the labour market itself becoming more globalised. In terms of **format of work**, communication technology would o ffer new work formats such as remote work. In addition, the work itself would be more flexible, with more people freelancing or working fewer hours through work-sharing for a better work-life balance. For **meaning of work**, people's perceptions on meaning would also shift due to a changing labour market. This market would also require a new remuneration system, such as universal basic income, so individuals could have more leisure time and seek new means of fulfilment. Inequality is also likely to grow with less social security due to structural unemployment.

> **Table 3.** Changes in work and education.

### **Work and Education Work** Labour market: AI/robotics/automation (16), unemployment (12), high-skill/new-skill jobs (6), fluid labour market (5), human-centred jobs (5), less work (4), service jobs (4), digital technology (3), sharing economy (2), globalised labour market (2) Format of work: telework (7), flexible employment/freelance (6), less working hours/work-sharing (4) Meaningofwork:newremunerationsystem(5),moreleisuretime(3),incomeinequality/lowincome(3),less

 social security (2), life-work mixture (2), new means of fulfilment/redefined meaning of work (2)
