*Article* **Evaluation of Household Food Waste Generation in Hanoi and Policy Implications towards SDGs Target 12.3**

### **Chen Liu 1,\* and Trung Thang Nguyen 2**


Received: 14 July 2020; Accepted: 10 August 2020; Published: 13 August 2020

**Abstract:** The issue of food waste, especially in developing economies, is a puzzle. Hanoi was selected as a case study to examine the current situation of food waste generated by consumers through daily habits/practices and to evaluate options for preventing and reducing food waste at the policy level through a literature/policy review and interview-style survey. An analysis of responses found that the self-reported food waste generation rate in Hanoi averaged 1192 g/day/household in urban areas and 1694 g/day/household in rural areas; cooking waste generated during meal processing/preparation accounts for more than 70% of the total; less than 20% of respondents separated out kitchen waste for reuse/recycling before disposal; expiration dates and deteriorating quality were cited as primary reasons for food waste at home in contrast with larger portions and over-ordering outside the home; leftover food is used indirectly as animal feed in urban areas and directly in rural areas; and most respondents indicate a willingness to reduce, reuse, and recycle food waste. To achieve SDG target 12.3, policymakers and practitioners must develop comprehensive food waste policies and actions targeting the entire supply chain, implement practical food waste managemen<sup>t</sup> systems, and promote su fficiency strategies for saving food, reducing food waste, and maintaining health and well-being.

**Keywords:** food waste; lifestyle; SDGs; households; Hanoi
