*2.10. Mitochondria Mass*

Briefly, after the treatment of different chemicals, the hepatocytes were exposed to Mito-Tracker Green (10 μM, 30 min) at 37 ◦C in the dark. Then the cells were thoroughly washed with pre-warmed PBS, and analyzed with flow cytometer at 490/516 nm for excitation/emission wavelengths.

### *2.11. ATP Level*

The ATP level was examined using a luciferase-based luminescence enhanced ATP assay kit (Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology, China) following the manufacturer's instruction. The hepatocytes were washed with ice-cold PBS, lysed with 200 μL lysis buffer, and then centrifuged at 12,000× *g* for 5 min at 4 ◦C. ATP content in cell lysates was then determined using a luminescence plate reader.
