*2.7. Sugar-Composition Analysis*

Sugar composition was determined with an ion Dionex ICS-3000 chromatography system (Sunnyvale, CA, USA). The system separated sugars by using an analytical polyvinylidene/polyvinyl benzene CarboPac PA1 column (Dionex 3 × 250 mm) suitable for mono-, di-, and trisaccharides, and oligosaccharide analysis in general, and a pulsed amperometry detector with a gradient of two mobile phases (A and B). Phase A involved ultrapure water, while Phase B involved 200 mM NaOH (HPLC grade, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ, USA). The sugars of honey solutions (10 mg/L) were calculated using the calibration curves of the standard solution for each pure sugar (Sigma, Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). The CHROMELEON Chromatography Management System was used for chromatogram acquisition. The concentrations of the identified sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose, turanose, trehalose, and maltose) were expressed as g/100 g of honey.
