*2.2. Meta-Analysis of the E*ff*ects of AAI and PRI*

2.2.1. Meta-Analysis of the Effects of AAI and PRI on Agitation in Dementia Patients

In the meta-analysis of the effects of AAI and PRI on agitation in dementia patients, the effect size was 0.70 (95% confidence interval: *p* = 0.12, I2 = 89%), which was considered a large effect size. Overall, AAI and PRI did not significantly affect agitation in dementia patients (Figure 1).

**Figure 1.** Forest plot of the effect of animal-assisted intervention and pet-robot intervention on agitation in dementia patients.

## 2.2.2. Meta-Analysis of the Effects of AAI and PRI on Depression in Dementia Patients

In the meta-analysis of the effects of AAI and PRI on depression in dementia patients, the effect size was −0.47 (95% confidence interval: *p* < 0.001, I2 = 0%). Overall, AAI and PRI significantly reduced depression in dementia patients (Figure 2).

**Figure 2.** Forest plot of the effect of animal-assisted intervention and pet-robot intervention on depression in dementia patient.

2.2.3. Meta-Analysis of the Effects of AAI and PRI on the QOL of Dementia Patients

In the meta-analysis of the effects of AAI and PRI on the QOL of dementia patients, the effect size was 0.13 (95% confidence interval: *p* = 0.34, I<sup>2</sup> = 0%), which was considered a small effect size. Overall, AAI and PRI did not significantly affect the QOL of dementia patients (Figure 3).


**Figure 3.** Forest plot of the effect of animal-assisted intervention and pet-robot intervention on the quality of life of dementia patients.
