**4. Conclusions**

With the presented driver model framework, the user can implement and adjust driver models for traffic participants using the traffic flow simulation software Vissim. By that, traffic participants for testing purposes of a particular automated driving system of the vehicle under test can be tested on a virtual basis. Using the co-simulation between Vissim and CarMaker, a use case of the presented software framework was shown. An upgrade of the co-simulation with the presented framework for testing automated driving systems increases the benefit of the Vissim and CarMaker co-simulation environment. For future research, the software framework will be adjusted for implementing more realistic vehicle dynamics to the neighboring traffic vehicles, including vehicle based environment sensors as well for improved model validity and Vehicle-to-X communication for impact analysis of automated driving systems on traffic.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, D.N.; methodology, D.N. and A.P.; software, D.N. and A.P.; validation, A.E., B.R., and D.N.; formal analysis, D.N. and B.R.; investigation, D.N.; resources, D.N., M.F., and B.R.; data curation, D.N.; writing—original draft preparation, D.N., M.F., and A.P.; writing—review and editing, A.E., M.F., and B.R.; visualization, D.N.; supervision, A.E. and B.R. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This work is founded by the Austrian Federal Ministry of Transport, Innovation and Technology as part of the FFG Program "EFREtop".

**Data Availability Statement:** Not applicable.

**Acknowledgments:** Open Access Funding by the Graz University of Technology

**Conflicts of Interest:** No conflict of interest exists: We wish to confirm that there are no known conflicts of interest associated with this publication and there has been no significant financial support for this work that could have influenced its outcome.
