*2.3. Geometry for Single-Phase Flow Model*

Following is the geometric flow model: the flow goes over the sheet. Thermal leap was used to transfer heat from the fluid's surface to the fluid's inside as the velocity at the surface underwent the flow slip event. Alumina oxide nanoparticles and copper nanoparticles were mixed into the engine oil (see Figure 1).

**Figure 1.** Diagram of the single-phase flow model.
