*3.5. Land Use Conflict Index Calculation*

According to the conceptual framework of land use conflict identification, the following linear weighted sum model was used to calculate the land use conflict index:

$$LIC = w\_1 \ast MS + w\_2 \ast Sca + w\_3 \ast DHN \tag{1}$$

$$MS = \sqrt[3]{ConLSu \times Confidence \times EcoLSu} \tag{2}$$

$$\text{Sca} = \sqrt[3]{\text{ConLSca} \times \text{Cu} \, ILL \, Sca \times EcoL \, Sca} \tag{3}$$

$$DHN = \sqrt{Pop \times GDP} \tag{4}$$

Where *LUC* represents the land use conflict index, *MS* represents land use multisuitability index, *Sca* represents land resource scarcity index, and *DHN* represents diversity of human needs. *w*1, *w*<sup>2</sup> and *w*<sup>3</sup> are the weights of *MS, Sca,* and *DHN*, respectively. *ConLSu, CulLSu* and *EcoLSu* represent the suitability of construction land, cultivated land and ecological land, respectively. *ConLSca, CulLSca* and *EcoLSca* represent the scarcity of construction land, cultivated land and ecological land, respectively. *Pop* stands for the total population.

The natural breakpoint method was used in ArcGIS to divide the results of the evaluation of construction land suitability, cultivated land suitability, ecological land suitability, land use multi-suitability, land resource scarcity, human needs diversity and land use conflict into three levels: high, medium and low.

#### **4. Results**
