**2. Study Area**

This study used Jinhua City, which is located at the intersection of Dongyang River, Wuyi River, and Jinhua River (Figure 1), as an example. Jinhua is adjacent to Taizhou in the east, Lishui in the south, Hengzhou in the west, and Shaoxing and Hangzhou in the north. Jinhua is surrounded by three mountains and contains three rivers. Most of the mountains in Jinhua are 500–1000 m high, distributed on the north and south sides. The terrain is high in the north and south while low in the middle. The total land area of Jinhua was 10,942 km2 . The population was approximately 0.71 million [13], and its GDP was CNY 4703.95 billion in 2020 [14]. As one of the important bases for advanced manufacturing industries south of the Yangtze River Delta and the central city of the central Zhejiang urban agglomeration, Jinhua's economy has been developing rapidly and relies on largescale professional trading markets such as Yiwu International Trade City and Yongkang Hardware Technology City. National strategies, such as the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta, have brought unprecedented opportunities for development here. However, in recent years, problems such as the extensive utilization of land resources, unscientific spatial layout, and low-performance level have emerged, leading to a massive expansion of construction land to provide land guarantees for economic construction. As of 2020, the total urban and rural land area exceeded that outlined in the planning objectives, and the per capita land acreage far exceeded the upper limit set by the national standard. A series of ecological and environmental problems have also emerged, including air pollution and intensification of the urban greenhouse effect. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the law of land-use carbon emissions in Jinhua City and to predict and optimize the future spatial land-use pattern. The research results could have significant benefits in terms of providing suggestions for reaching the carbon peak, which is vital for promoting progress in ecological civilization in Jinhua City.

**Figure 1.** Location and topography of the study area.
