3.2.1. Spatial Optimization Based on Territorial Space Utilization Quality

The expression of various functions of territorial space directly reflects the sustainability of territorial space utilization, and the utilization quality of these functions reflects the demand of PLES [64,65]. From the perspective of PLES, it is an important element of

territorial space planning to evaluate the internal mechanism and coupling coordination degree of territorial space utilization quality development. This task can realize the balanced development of regional PLES, and promote the coordination and coupling of economic and social resources, and the ecological environment [66–68]. Li et al. [69] took the utilization quality of PLES as an assessment index, evaluated the utilization quality index of PLES in different provinces, and coordinated construction of the land-use mechanism of "population–land–industry" as a goal; the authors also proposed countermeasures to optimize construction land patterns from the perspective of industrial land-use structures. Zhang [66] constructed an evaluation index system of territorial space utilization quality from a realistic state of territorial space and the guaranteed function and support ability of economic development and social harmony. The author evaluated and analyzed the spatiotemporal differentiation characteristics of utilization quality and the coupling coordination degree of PLES in combination with the entropy method and comprehensive evaluation method, providing effective guidance for the rational development and utilization of PLES in regional land. The concepts and connotations of the utilization quality evaluation of national territorial space from the perspective of PLES emphasize the comprehensive diagnosis and evaluation of the utilization status, efficiency, and guarantees related to the sustainable development of human society. Using the landscape ecological index and GIS spatial analysis methods to identify the spatio-temporal competition and game processes of resource elements (with land as the core in the same spatial location), and carrying out the optimal allocation of PLES, also represent important means of spatial optimization in the early stage. For example, with the goal of minimizing land-use conflict and maximizing industrial suitability, Zhang et al. [70] proposed a spatial allocation scheme of industrial land based on the conflict identification of PLES by evaluating the conflict level of PLES and the suitability of industrial production space. With the help of the landscape ecological index method, Lin et al. [71] constructed a spatial conflict index, measured the conflict level of regional PLES, and constructed a spatial allocation model based on multi-objective constraints and scenario setting, thereby realizing the optimization and simulation of a spatial layout for PLEL. However, the conflict of PLES covers many aspects such as society, economy, and ecology [72,73], and is a result of the comprehensive effect of the regional human–Earth relationship system. It can only judge the rationality of the distribution pattern and coordination of the utilization quality using the theory of land-use function and landscape ecological patterns, and requires further verification and improvement.
