**3. Materials and Method**

### *3.1. Data Acquisition*

The data sets used in this study were as follows: (1) land use and cover raster images (30 m) in 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2018 from Data Center for Resources and Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (RESDC) [15], which were reclassified into six categories of cultivated land, woodland, grassland, water area, construction land, and unused land based on the Land-Use and Land-Cover Change (LUCC) classification system; (2) population density data in 2018 from Worldpop project data sets and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) distribution data in 2015 from the Resource and Environment Data Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences; and (3) data on energy consumption and agricultural material use including pesticide, chemical fertilizer, and agricultural film from 2005–2018 from Jinhua Statistical Yearbooks of corresponding years. The calculation parameters related to energy consumption were taken from the 2006 IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Guidelines and the General Principles for the Calculation of total Production Consumption.
