*5.2. Differences in Land-Use Conflict Gradients*

To study the spatial and temporal land-use conflicts between agricultural and ecological spaces under different gradient conditions in Lin'an District, this paper selected the slope factor to analyze the topographic gradient characteristics of the conflicts.

The performance of uncontrolled conflicts was the most obvious in the low-slope area of Lin'an District, and the distribution of spatial units with basic controllable conflict levels in the areas with medium- and high- slopes had an absolute advantage.

The main land-use conflict categories in the low-slope area from 2008 to 2018 were arable land and water and were distributed in a band with Yu Qian town as the center. The uncontrolled conflict units in this area were more aggregated and gradually expanded to squeeze the controllable grade with the passage of time, and the degree of land-use conflict was increasingly intensified. This was due to the flat terrain, fertile soil and abundant water in the low- slope area of Lin'an District, which is suitable for human production activities. The increased intensity of land use makes the land structure ratio increasingly imbalanced, and the land use conflict is more serious [53].

The main land types of land-use conflicts in the medium-slope region from 2008 to 2018 were mainly forestland, and the spatial units of the basic controllable conflict levels were the most widely distributed and fragmented. The spatial units of the uncontrollable grade were also scattered, mainly distributed at the junction of the medium-slope and low-slope areas, and showed a gradual expansion trend. This is because the production conditions in the medium-slope areas are inferior to those in the low-slope areas, their land-use conflicts are more moderate, and the proportion of land-use structure is more reasonable [54].

High-slope areas had forestland and grassland as the main land types from 2008 to 2018, which were concentrated in the central and western areas. Spatial units with basic controllable conflict levels occupied the majority of the distribution and had a high degree of contiguity. The spatial units with severe uncontrollable conflict grades were scattered, and the distribution area gradually decreased; only in Jinan Street in 2018 was there a more obvious performance. This is due to the steep terrain and inconvenient transportation in the high-slope area, which is not suitable for production activities; in addition, the current land risk in the high-slope area is low, and the scale and pattern of the regional landscape are well protected [55].
