*4.3. Topographic Gradient Feature of Potential Land-Use Conflict*

To study the spatial-temporal differentiation of land-use conflict between agricultural space and ecological space under different topographic gradient conditions in Lin'an District, the slope factor was selected to analyze the topographic gradient characteristics of the areas with different conflict degrees.

The land-use conflict degree in the low-slope areas was the highest over the ten years (Figure 6). Controlled spatial units did not show an obvious advantage, and the proportion of uncontrolled spatial units increased over the 10 years. In 2018, more than half of the total low-slope area had an uncontrolled grade of land-use conflict. The degree of land-use conflict in the medium-slope area from 2008–2018 was low, but it showed an increasing trend. The proportion of basically controlled spatial units was maintained at higher than 80%, but it showed a downward trend because of the expansion of uncontrolled spatial units and was reduced by 3.12% in total. The degree of land-use conflict in the high-slope area was the lowest over the 10 years. The proportion of controlled spatial units remained between 93.85% and 94.88%, and the severely uncontrolled spatial units gradually became basically controlled spatial units, indicating that they became better controlled. The proportion of severely uncontrolled spatial units decreased continuously by 0.35% from 1.64% in 2008.

**Figure 6.** Changes in the degree of land-use conflict in areas with different slopes in Lin'an District, 2008–2018. (**a**) Low slope. (**b**) Medium slope. (**c**) High slope.

#### **5. Discussion**
