*2.2. Data Sources and Processing*

The data used in this study mainly included natural geographical data, socioeconomic statistical data and land-use data. The natural geographical data included Lin'an District DEM data with a resolution of 30 m × 30 m from the geospatial data cloud that was processed to provide slope data. Socioeconomic statistical data were obtained from the 'Bulletin of National Economic and Social Development Statistics of Lin'an District in 2018'. Land-use data included land-use change survey data from 2008, 2013 and 2018, cultivated land quality data, nature reserves and other relevant data. Three land-use categories were established based on land-use planning classification standards, namely, agricultural space

(cultivated land, garden land and other agricultural land), ecological space (forestland, grassland, water areas and natural reserves) and urban space (construction land).

#### **3. Methods**
