*3.1. Spatial–Temporal PLES Characteristics in Ningbo*

Figure 1 shows the spatial characteristic of PLES in Ningbo for (a) 2010 and (b) 2018. In general, due to the rapid development of the economy and the acceleration of urbanization in recent years, a great deal of PS and ES in Ningbo was transformed into living space, resulting in a decline of PS and ES, which decreased by 1.68% and 1.89%, respectively, while the area occupied by living space increased by 14.4%. These data show that the rapid development of urbanization and the pursuit of high-quality life in Ningbo from 2010 to

2018 led to the continuous expansion of living land. Production land and ecological land were constantly occupied under the influence of human activities, although the area of PS decreased, and the area of industrial PS slightly increased, which indicates that agricultural PS was greatly affected by human activities. Agricultural PS occupied a large area, and the level of agricultural development was affected.

**Figure 1.** PLES in Ningbo for (**a**) 2010 and (**b**) 2018.
