**2. Conceptual Framework**

The essence of land use conflict is the contradiction between humans and land. Specifically, land use conflict is the result of the comprehensive effects of land use multi-

suitability [8,17], land resource scarcity [22,24] and diversity of human needs [24,26] (Figure 1).

**Figure 1.** Conceptual framework for land use conflict identification.

Land use multi-suitability is an inherent attribute of land resources. The better the natural endowment and location conditions, the higher the land use multi-suitability. Land use suitability is divided into construction, cultivated and ecological land suitability. Land use multi-suitability can be determined by overlaying the evaluation results of construction, cultivation and ecological land suitability. Land accounts for only 29.2% of the Earth's surface area, and the total amount of land resources is limited and scarce. However, scarcity is a relative concept, and the scarcity of land resources is relative to human needs. Therefore, land resource scarcity should be measured by the index of per capita land use, such as per capita construction land area, per capita cultivated land area and per capita ecological land area. In addition, it is worth noting that even if land resources are suitable for multiple uses, there will be no land use conflict if there is no human demand for them. Therefore, the diversity of human needs is also a key factor in land use conflicts [8,26]. The diversity of human needs is affected by the size of the population and the level of social and economic development. The larger the population and the higher the level of social and economic development, the greater the diversity of human needs.
