*4.4. Natural Conditions—Layer of the Landscape: Zoological Survey of the Interior Environment of the SA-CEFs*

The largest number of hibernating butterfly species was recorded in SA-CEFs number 14 and 32, a total of 5 species out of 9 species. The largest number of hibernating butterfly individuals was also recorded in SA-CEF number 14 (62 live individuals in total). Only two SA-CEFs had no records (SA-CEFs number 13 and 22). Only 1 and 2 species were recorded in SA-CEFs number 3 and 13. SA-CEFs with such a small number of species recorded also had to be excluded from further analysis (18 SA-CEFs in total). Due to this fact and the very low total number of species found, multivariate data analysis became meaningless.

The most frequently recorded butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) were *Inachis io* and *Scoliopteryx libatrix*. *Inachis io* from the family Nymphalidae is one of the most common butterflies of opened landscape, but forest edges too. Normally, it hibernates in heatless areas of the building (in attics, in cellars, etc.), and in some cases, it is in the hibernating places even more numerous than the other species, *Scoliopteryx libatrix* [42]. Very common is moth *Scoliopteryx libatrix* from the family Noctuidae, which prefers moist habitats (shores of streams, rivers, and lakes), it occurs also along roadsides, edges of woods, and penetrates well as into the gardens and parks. In autumn, it seeks to hibernate a variety of cavities, caves, tunnels, and cellars [52,53]. It is the most common species of all types of underground space [42].

The largest number of land snail species (Gastropoda) was recorded in SA-CEF number 37, with a total of 9 species out of a total of 20 species. The largest number of land snail individuals was also recorded in SA-CEF number 37 (42 living individuals in total). In total, no records were recorded in 17 SA-CEFs. In SA-CEFs numbers 3 and 10 were recorded only 1 and 2 species. SA-CEFs with such a small number of species recorded also had to be excluded from further analysis. Thus, for the subsequent multivariate data analysis, it was possible to use data sets relating to only 9 SA-CEFs, and thus, as in the previous case, the multivariate data analysis itself became meaningless.

The most frequently recorded species of land snail were *Monachoides incarnatus* and *Helix pomatia*. *Monachoides incarnatus* from the family Hygromiidae occurs in a variety of forest habitats. It is most commonly found in deciduous forests, in the scrub, often around streams and wet rocks. It also inhabits various secondary habitats such as quarries, gardens, or parks. *Helix pomatia* from the family Helicidae inhabits various types of habitats (especially on limestone), light deciduous forests, scrub, meadows, vegetation along streams, but also cultural areas (gardens, thickets, etc.). In both cases, these are species that can also occasionally be found in different types of underground spaces [41,54].

In addition to 9 species of butterflies and moths, and 20 species of land snails, 75 other invertebrate species from various taxonomic categories have been documented in SA-CEFs. The presence of vertebrates (e.g., bats, rodents) or their resident signs (e.g., marten droppings, bird nests) have also been recorded in SA-CEFs.

The faunistic survey carried out confirmed that the interior spaces of the A-CEFs should be used by various species of animals. Among the species found, for example, spiders (*Meta menardi* or *Metelina merianae*) are able to survive in SA-CEFs for long periods of time, as they inhabit similar habitat types [55]. Butterflies and moths use them for hibernating, and land snails represent so-called accidental guests whose occurrence in indoor spaces is related to the composition of the malacofauna in the immediate surroundings of SA-CEFs. However, some of the land snail species found may also survive in similar types of environments over the long term. These include species such as *Oxychilus cellarius* or *Limax cinereoniger* [41,56]. The occurrence of animals very closely adapted to living in underground spaces (troglobionts and stygobionts) has not been proven. The occurrence of euryvalent species of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) and land snails (Gastropoda) is random or in some cases quite rare in the interior of SA-CEFs.
