3.2.2. Spatial Optimization Based on Suitability Evaluation

The suitability evaluation of PLES is an important basis for optimizing the quantity ratio and spatial layout of PLES. Here, suitability is defined as the suitability of land for PLE functions in a specific area under specific conditions, and focuses on comprehensive consideration of territorial space development, protection, and spatial carrying capacity [6]. Research on the optimization of PLES based on suitability evaluation can be roughly divided into two types. One type involves the comprehensive evaluation of multi-element superposition based on spatial superposition analysis. For example, Jin [30] applied the BP neural network model to evaluate the PLE functions of the standard evaluation units of territorial space, and completed research on the comprehensive functional zoning of territorial space based on double-constraint clustering. Starting from the concept of PLES suitability, Yang [74] used GIS spatial analysis tools to construct an evaluation system for PLES suitability that integrates natural, cultural, and ecological elements, and employed spatial superposition to divide the evaluation grades of PLES suitability within the whole domain. He analyzed the problems existing in the layout of PLES, and proposed an optimization path for PLES, along with relevant policy suggestions. The second method involves undertaking suitability evaluations using landscape ecological pattern analysis, the cumulative resistance model, or the gravity model. For example, by introducing the competition perspective of PLES, Chen [75] established an evolutionary game model of PLES, and proposed an optimal decision scheme for the allocation of PLES to optimize

the allocation of resilient ecological space under the guidance of the action mechanism of the evolution of ecological space through the competition of PLES. Chen [75] introduced a competition perspective of "production–ecological space" to optimize the allocation of national resilience ecological space. Under the guidance of the action mechanism of ecological space evolution under the competition of PLES, the evolutionary game model of PLES was established, and an optimal decision scheme of allocation for PLES was put forward.
