**2. Methods**

The article search was conducted at the following electronic databases: Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science. Searches were performed up to February 2021. The search term was developed with three segments: the first segment encompassed synonyms of diet; the second and third segments included synonyms of ROS and exercise, respectively. All segments were connected with the Boolean operator "AND". The respective MeSH terms were used for each keyword. In order to avoid the potential bias caused by different baseline values of redox status, only the untrained, nonathlete, healthy population were included in this review. Animal models were not included.

#### **3. Dietary Strategies**

The majority of currently available studies addressed the effects of phenol-rich foods on exercise-induced oxidative stress, including dark chocolate [29–31], high-flavanol cocoa drink [32], green tea [33], mate tea [34], New Zealand blueberry smoothie [35], blueberries [36,37], grape juice [38,39], Montmorency cherry juice [40], tart cherry juice [41], oatmeal [42], avenanthramides (AVA)-rich cookie [43,44], juçara juice [45], Sanguinello cultivar red orange juice [46], and purple sweet potato leaves [47]. Frequently, the effects of dietary strategies on exercise-induced stress are evaluated within short-term [29,32,35,36,38,42,45], as well as long-term interventions [30,31,33,34,37,39–41,43,44,46,47]. Across all studies, there is a compelling amount of evidence suggesting that different dietary regimens are viable tools for decreasing exercise-induced oxidative stress. However, the different biomarkers of oxidative stress do not allow a direct comparison between studies. Therefore, the individual effects of these dietary strategies on different redox systems will be discussed in the following section.

#### **4. Effects on Biomarkers of Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress**

High intensity exercise has repeatedly been demonstrated to induce excessive amounts of ROS, which may react with macromolecules such as proteins, lipids, and DNA [2]. To date, the in vivo detection of free radicals remains a challenge due to their short lifetime and the low rates of formation. Numerous techniques and assays have been used to measure oxidative stress production directly or indirectly. Accordingly, the included studies will be categorized according to whether the main effects observed were in ROS generation, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers or antioxidant activity (Table 1).


**Table 1.** Effects of


**Table 1.** *Cont*.



antioxidant status (TAS),

8-hydroxy-2-

species-generating

(TAC), glutathione reductase (GRD), C-reactive protein (CRP).

 potential (ROS-GP), heat shock proteins (HSP72), oxidative stress index (OSI), glutathione peroxidase (GPx),


 (8-oxodG), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), glutathione (GSH),

Avenanthramides

 (AVA), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1),

granulocyte-colony

glutathione/oxidized

 stimulating factor (G-CSF), lipid

 glutathione

(GSH/GSSH),

cyclooxygenase-2

 (COX-2), total antioxidant capacity

 uric acid (UA), radical oxygen

hydroperoxides

 (LOOH),
