*Article* **A Deep Pipelined Implementation of Hyperspectral Target Detection Algorithm on FPGA Using HLS**

**Jie Lei 1,\*, Yunsong Li 1,\*, Dongsheng Zhao 1, Jing Xie 1,\*, Chein-I Chang 2, Lingyun Wu 1, Xuepeng Li 1, Jintao Zhang 1 and Wenguang Li 1**


Received: 2 January 2018; Accepted: 22 March 2018; Published: 25 March 2018

**Abstract:** Real-time target detection for hyperspectral images (HSI) has received considerable interest in recent years. However, owing to enormous data volume provided by HSI, detection algorithms are generally computationally complex, thus developing rapid processing techniques for target detection has encountered several challenging issues. It seems that using a deep pipelined structure can improve the detection speed, and implementing on field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) can also achieve concurrent operations rather than run streams of sequential instruction. This paper presents a deep pipelined background statistics (DPBS) approach to optimizing and implementing a well-known subpixel target detection algorithm, called constrained energy minimization (CEM) on FPGA by using high-level synthesis (HLS). This approach offers significant benefits in terms of increasing data throughput and improving design efficiency. To overcome a drawback of HLS on implementing a task-level pipelined circuit that includes a feedback data path, a script based circuit design method is further developed to make connections between some of the modules created by HLS. Experimental results show that the proposed method can detect targets on a real-hyperspectral data set (HyMap Data) only in 0.15 s without compromising detection accuracy.

**Keywords:** hyperspectral image; deep pipelined background statistics; constrained energy minimization; high-level synthesis; real-time processing
