**Thermodynamic Characterization of the Interaction between the Antimicrobial Drug Sulfamethazine and Two Selected Cyclodextrins**

**Hiba Mohamed Ameen 1,2, Sándor Kunsági-Máté 2,3 , Balázs Bognár 2 , Lajos Szente <sup>4</sup> , Miklós Poór 3,5 and Beáta Lemli 2,3,\***


Academic Editors: Marina Isidori, Margherita Lavorgna and Rosa Iacovino Received: 17 October 2019; Accepted: 11 December 2019; Published: 13 December 2019

**Abstract:** Sulfamethazine is a representative member of the sulfonamide antibiotic drugs; it is still used in human and veterinary therapy. The protonation state of this drug affects its aqueous solubility, which can be controlled by its inclusion complexes with native or chemically-modified cyclodextrins. In this work, the temperature-dependent (298–313 K) interaction of sulfamethazine with native and randomly methylated β-cyclodextrins have been investigated at acidic and neutral pH. Surprisingly, the interaction between the neutral and anionic forms of the guest molecule and cyclodextrins with electron rich cavity are thermodynamically more favorable compared to the cationic guest. This property probably due to the enhanced formation of zwitterionic form of sulfamethazine in the hydrophobic cavities of cyclodextrins. Spectroscopic measurements and molecular modeling studies indicated the possible driving forces (hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interaction) of the complex formation, and highlighted the importance of the reorganization of the solvent molecules during the entering of the guest molecule into the host's cavity.

**Keywords:** cyclodextrin; sulfamethazine; zwitterion; host-guest complex; thermodynamics
