**13. Conclusions**

The term "econophysics" is of recent vintage, barely a quarter of a century old. However, the idea behind it that ideas and even laws of physics have strongly influenced economicss in a variety of ways is certainly correct. One of such ideas that has deep connections with the newer econophysics is the concept of entropy, which has been applied to many parts of economics, including general equilibrium theory, growth theory, business cycles, ecological economics, urban and regional economics, income and wealth distribution patterns, and financial market dynamics. Some of these applications are ontological in the sense of drawing directly on the second law of thermodynamics as the actual physical driving force involved, such as understanding energy flows through the biosphere and the economy from the Sun. Others are metaphorical, as they draw on models of information theory or other non-specifically physical models using the mathematics of entropy theory. Econophysics has also long emphasized the ubiquity of power-law distributions for many economic phenomena, which in some areas arise from anti-entropic processes that conflict with entropic tendencies. This can generate an underlying dynamic, with an especially dramatic example involving the dynamics of income distribution interacting with business cycles and related financial market dynamics.

**Funding:** The APC was funded by James Madison University.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
