*Review* **Heat Transfer Characteristics of Conventional Fluids and Nanofluids in Micro-Channels with Vortex Generators: A Review**

**Mushtaq T. Al-Asadi 1,2,\*, Hussein A. Mohammed 3,\* and Mark C. T. Wilson <sup>2</sup>**

	- hussein.mohammed@curtin.edu.au or hussein.dash@yahoo.com (H.A.M.)

**Abstract:** An effective way to enhance the heat transfer in mini and micro electronic devices is to use different shapes of micro-channels containing vortex generators (VGs). This attracts researchers due to the reduced volume of the electronic micro-chips and increase in the heat generated from the devices. Another way to enhance the heat transfer is using nanofluids, which are considered to have great potential for heat transfer enhancement and are highly suited to application in practical heat transfer processes. Recently, several important studies have been carried out to understand and explain the causes of the enhancement or control of heat transfer using nanofluids. The main aim upon which the present work is based is to give a comprehensive review on the research progress on the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of nanofluids for both single- and two- phase models in different types of micro-channels. Both experimental and numerical studies have been reviewed for traditional and nanofluids in different types and shapes of micro-channels with vortex generators. It was found that the optimization of heat transfer enhancement should consider the pumping power reduction when evaluating the improvement of heat transfer.

**Keywords:** heat transfer; nanofluids advantages and disadvantages; thermal hydraulic performance; vortex generators; micro-channel
