*2.4. Numerical Models Based on the Finite Element Method*

The analytical models of the FWM, HWM, and E-HWM of the IM are limited in terms of the value range and level of detail of the effects that can be modeled. Effects such as ferromagnetic saturation, induced eddy currents, and a location-dependent air gap reluctance can only be described in a limited and simplified way, as can be seen in the model descriptions. Others, such as cut edge effects [13] or geometry- or motion-dependent phenomena, cannot be modeled at all [14]. An extension of the range of values and level of detail of machine modeling is offered by numerical models. However, the higher level of detail is accompanied by an increase in computational effort. In this paper, the TH-FEM and T-FEM are used and briefly explained in the following. In both cases, a 2D model is used with a current excitation in the form of a specified current density in the stator slots.
