*5.4. Simulation Results*

Using the determined electromagnetic E-HWM, the thermal behavior of the machine is simulated by means of the coupled simulation at the given operating point of 3700 rpm and 60 Nm. The simulated and measured temperature of the stator winding and the rotor cage are shown in Figure 11. The stator winding temperature has a maximum deviation of 7.8 ◦C and 5.7%, respectively, with respect to the measured temperatures during the heat-up phase. The rotor cage temperature shows a deviation of 13.9 ◦C and 8.2% respectively. These values are therefore within the required level of detail of the losses. For comparison, the simulation is also performed with T-FEM, which has a higher level of detail than the E-HWM, and the FWM, which has a lower level of detail. The results are also plotted in Figure 11. The maximum deviation related to the measurements of the stator winding temperature for the simulation using the T-FEM is 3.7 ◦C and 3.4%, respectively, and that of the rotor cage temperature is 4.3 ◦C and 2.5%, respectively. The deviations of the simulations using the FWM are above 25% in both temperatures.

**Figure 11.** Simulated and measured stator winding and rotor bar temperature of the exemplary IM using the T-FEM, the E-HWM, and FWM.
