**Dipesh Kapoor 1, Vivek Sangwan 2, Cher Ming Tan 1,3,4,5,\*, Vani Paliwal <sup>6</sup> and Nirdosh Tanwar <sup>7</sup>**


Received: 7 February 2020; Accepted: 27 April 2020; Published: 29 April 2020

**Featured Application: A four-element wideband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is optimized using a genetic algorithm (GA). The antenna consists of a stub, four reduced ground planes, and four T-shaped radiating elements. The behavior of the antenna is analyzed with the following parameters: return loss, electromagnetic interference (EMI), and operating frequency. The antenna design is applicable to di**ff**erent applications. A 2<sup>K</sup> factorial design is used to identify the key design parameters responsible for a**ff**ecting the above-mentioned performance indexes of the antenna. A GA optimization technique is utilized to increase the frequency range, where the return loss is less than** −**10 dB, while its EMI is reduced to within a 1 m sphere of radiation, so as to reduce the threat of the antenna to nearby devices. The increased frequency range also makes it suitable for various applications such as satellite communication, imaging, and radar communication.**

**Abstract:** In this paper, optimization of a miniaturized multiple-inputs multiple-outputs (MIMO) antenna was performed. This antenna was composed of a T-shape radiating element with stub and reduced ground plane and a compact size of 25 mm × 25 mm × 1.6 mm. The behavior of antenna was evaluated in terms of return loss (S-parameter < −10 dB), electromagnetic interference (EMI), and operation frequency. The antenna design is applicable to many applications. A 2<sup>K</sup> factorial design combined with a genetic algorithm (GA) optimization technique were used to identify the key design parameters responsible for affecting the performance quality of the antenna. Optimization of the antenna design for EMI reduction was utilized, and the optimal design showed enhanced bandwidth of the antenna and reduced power consumption.

**Keywords:** factorial design of experiment; genetic algorithm optimization; return loss; electromagnetic interference; multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)
