*3.2. Methanol*

To achieve a low carbon footprint of the products obtained from the gas and oil fields, the use of carbon capture technologies is needed. CO2 obtained in the process of hydrogen production can be used in the synthesis of chemical raw materials, during the processing of which carbon will be tightly bound in high molecular weight compounds. This will prevent carbon from escaping into the atmosphere for several decades. Such compounds can include resins, plastics, synthetic fabrics and other components that can be obtained from such a simple monohydric alcohol as methanol [52].

In addition, ammonia plants could be successfully integrated with methanol production, and as a result the energy consumption in the production of both products is reduced.

A mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen can be used to produce methanol. Thus, CO2 will be bound in the form of raw materials used in the chemical industry for the production of a wide range of products, such as formaldehyde, formalin, acetic acid, methyl tert-butyl ether, dimethyl ether, isoprene, etc. In addition, methanol can be used for the inhibition of gas hydrate formation in wells and pipelines of gas treatment units in remote Arctic fields.

The modern industrial production method is a synthesis from carbon monoxide (II) and hydrogen on a copper-zinc oxide catalyst at the temperature—250 ◦C and pressure— 7 MPa.

The scheme of the mechanism for the catalytic production of methanol is complex and can be summarized as a reaction [53]:

$$\text{CO} + 2\text{H}\_2 \rightarrow \text{CH}\_3\text{OH}, \ \Delta\text{H} = -128.93 \text{ kJ/mol.} \tag{2}$$

Methanol can be also produced from CO2 and H2, where carbon dioxide is captured from the waste gases. In this case, the precious metals Ir and Rh or Cu, Ni, Fe, Co are usually proposed as catalysts [33,54].
