**Abbreviations**

LMW-BG, low molecular weight β-glucan; HMW-BG, high molecular weight β-glucan; NEFA, non-esterified fatty acid; SCFA, short-chain fatty acid; SREBP-1c, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c; FAS, fatty acid synthase; ACC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase; DGAT1, diacyl glycerol acyltransferase 1; SCD1, stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase 1; G6PD, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase; PK, pyruvate kinase; PPPAR<sup>α</sup>, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorα; CPT1, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1; ACOX, acyl-coenzyme A oxidase; CD36 (FAT), fatty acid translocase; LXR, liver X receptor; 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase, (HMG-CoA reductase); NGN3, neurogenin 3; Neuro D, neurogenic differentiation factor; PPPARβ/δ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorβ/δ; PGCG, proglucagon; PC1/3, prohormone convertases1/3; GPBAR1, G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1; GPR43, G-protein-coupled receptor 43.
