**7. Conclusions and Future Work**

This study presents a method for determining the fatigue life and reliability of ASTM A 216 WCB steel castings using advanced simulations tools. For simplicity, standard fatigue specimens are produced with an optimized and robust mold design. The life and reliability are predicted taking into consideration the porosities, which are minimized, ye<sup>t</sup> exist to some extent in the specimens produced with optimized mold design. The key conclusions are as follows:


**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, M.A.A.K. and A.K.S.; methodology, M.A.A.K.; software, M.A.A.K.; validation, M.A.A.K., Z.M.G. and M.A.; formal analysis, M.A.A.K.; resources, Z.M.G.; data curation, M.A.A.K.; writing—original draft preparation, M.A.A.K. and A.K.S.; writing—review and editing, Z.M.G. and M.A.; supervision, A.K.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research was funded by The National Science, Technology and Innovation Plan (NSTIP), Saudi Arabia, gran<sup>t</sup> number 14-ADV890-04-R and the APC was funded by Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Saudi Arabia.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not Applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** Not Applicable.

**Acknowledgments:** The simulations presented in this study are done at Rapid Prototyping and Reverse Engineering Lab at King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM). Special thanks to MAGMA and KFUPM for their continuous support during this work. The authors would also like to acknowledge the supportive environment provided by Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University to facilitate the preparation of manuscript and its publication.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
