**2. Materials**

The selected material for this work is ASTM A216 WCB steel due to its widespread use in casting industry. It offers a good mix of strength and ductility, making it suitable to be employed in casting of engineering components. The chemical composition and mechanical properties at room temperature for this steel alloy are provided in Table 1. In addition to the cast material, the selected mold material for this work is Furan sand, which is a chemically bonded sand and does not require baking of the mold. Furan sand molds are compact and provide numerous advantages such as accuracy in casting size, clear outline of casting, smooth surface, good appearance quality, and compact microstructure. Table 2 lists the important properties of the mold material.


**Table 1.** ASTM A216 WCB steel material specification.


**Table 2.** Mold Material Specification.

