**Appendix A**

**Figure A1.** Spatial patterns of the SOS were estimated from (**a**) 500 m MODIS and (**b**) 1000 m MODIS from 2001; spatial patterns of the EOS were estimated from (**c**) 500 m MODIS and (**d**) 1000 m MODIS from 2001.

**Figure A2.** Spatial patterns of the SOS were estimated from GIMMS3g data from (**a**) 1985, (**b**) 1995, (**c**) 2005, and (**d**) 2015; spatial patterns of the EOS were estimated from GIMMS3g data from (**e**) 1985, (**f**) 1995, (**g**) 2005, and (**h**) 2015.
