*5.3. Wind Systems*

Out of 6.35 GW of the installed capacity, onshore wind power supplies 12.6 percent of electricity in Poland. New onshore and offshore wind energy development will lead to at least double these figures in the coming years.

The Energy Regulatory Office reported 1239 wind farms in operation in the country in 2020 (including 1111 with a capacity below 10 MW (89.7%) and 128 with a capacity greater than or equal to 10 MW).

The electricity produced from wind sources in the Polish power system has also been systematically growing. In 2020, wind systems delivered 14,174 GWh of energy (compared to 13,903 GWh in 2019).

Wind energy accounted for ca. 8.2 percent of the energy consumed in the country in 2019.

Igli ´nski believes that considering all the limiting criteria, the area excluded from the possibility of locating wind energy is 311.657 km2, i.e., 99.92% of the land area of Poland, i.e., 311.904 km2. That means that only 247 km2 is available for the construction of wind farms, i.e., 0.02% of the country's territory. Therefore, since introducing the distance act, wind energy systems in Poland have practically stopped being developed [75]. The analysis of Figure 8 clearly shows that the slowdown in the development of wind systems is abnormal in Poland and confirms the claims of Igli ´nski's thesis claims.


**Table 4.** Weighted SWOT analysis for photovoltaic systems in Poland.

**Figure 8.** Wind systems—installed capacity (MW) and trends.

Table 5 presents the the Weighted SWOT Analysis for Wind Systems in Poland.


**Table 5.** Weighted SWOT analysis for wind systems in Poland.

The conclusion from the weighted SWOT matrix for the wind systems in Poland (Table 5) was also quite optimistic. The IFR was above one, meaning that the strengths were more critical than weaknesses. The opportunities to threats ratio was 1.07, which means that the wind systems' development perspectives are pretty favorable, but one must remember extreme dependence on political decisions. The balance between the IFR and EFR was 1.10:1.07. This means moderately positive prospects for the development of these systems. The only strategy of the Polish policymakers should be, like in the case of the PV systems, not to disturb the private sector and to provide energy distribution grids that can handle the new installations. The Polish policymakers did precisely the opposite, as was mentioned by Igli ´nski and others [75–81].
