*Article* **Application of Technological Processes to Create a Unitary Model for Energy Recovery from Municipal Waste**

**Robert Sidełko**

**Citation:** Sidełko, R. Application of Technological Processes to Create a Unitary Model for Energy Recovery from Municipal Waste. *Energies* **2021**, *14*, 3118. https://doi.org/10.3390/ en14113118

Academic Editor: Paolo Defilippis

Received: 26 April 2021 Accepted: 25 May 2021 Published: 26 May 2021

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Faculty of Civil Engineering, Environmental and Geodetic Sciences, Koszalin University of Technology Poland, Sniadeckich St. 2, 75-453 Koszalin, Poland; robert.sidelko@tu.koszalin.pl; Tel.: +48-94-347-85-00 ´

**Abstract:** The subject matter of this paper is the functioning of a highly effective waste managemen<sup>t</sup> system. Assumptions of the Energy Recovery Waste Processing (ERWP) model, being a universal solution for towns and regions irrespective of their population, are presented here. The result of simulations illustrating the energetic potential of municipal waste stored and processed in biological and physicochemical processes are also presented. Calculations were performed for the municipality of Koszalin (Poland), with a population of 106,000. Mixed household and commercial waste, organic waste, waste from selective collection and sewage sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant were considered in the waste mass balance. Empirical equations and unit coefficients describing the energetic efficiency of particular processes originating from the author's own research work as well as from the results available from the scientific literature were used in the calculations. The developed ERWP model is based on the functioning of four objects constituting a comprehensive technical infrastructure, i.e., biological stabilisation in air condition (BSAC), mechanical treatment plant (MTP), cogeneration system plant (CSP) and gas production plant (GPP) where two independent modules operate, namely, dry/wet methane fermentation (DMF and WMF). Each day, this system generates highly energetic refuse-derived fuel (RDF) for combustion in amounts of 82.2 t for CSP and 127.3 t for GPP, generating 5519 m<sup>3</sup> of gas/d. The value of the energy contained in such generated gas and in waste making up an alternative fuel is 1027.4 GJ, which is equivalent to 285.4 MWh. It should be noted that the creation of a waste managemen<sup>t</sup> system based on the ERWP model assumptions fulfills the criteria of energetic recycling and allows for recovery of energy in the form of gas and heat equivalent to 79,917.6 MWh/a, i.e., 754 kWh/inhabitant/a.

**Keywords:** waste management; energy recovery; model of energy recovery; biogas; fermentation; combustion
