*Article* **Environmental Production Efficiency in the European Union Countries as a Tool for the Implementation of Goal 7 of the 2030 Agenda**

**Katarzyna Cheba \* and Iwona B ˛ak**

> Faculty of Economics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland; iwona.bak@zut.edu.pl **\*** Correspondence: katarzyna.cheba@zut.edu.pl

> **Abstract:** The main purpose of the paper is to present a proposal to measure the relationships between Goal 7 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and one of the areas considered in the green growth concept: environmental production efficiency. Both of these areas illustrate the relationship between the natural environment and the economy, emphasizing transformations in the field of energy use. Selected taxonomic methods, TOPSIS, and multicriteria taxonomy, were applied to study the relationships between the two areas. The results of the EU countries classification showed a variety of countries' development pathways within a single economic community. Despite continued attempts to equalize the development levels between European Union countries in many strategic areas, they remain highly diversified. That is also true for the areas analyzed in the paper, which is a disturbing situation, indicating that both strategies might not correlate in all respects. Further research into the relationships linking the remaining dimensions of both strategies is required.

> **Keywords:** green growth; sustainable development; environmental production; relationships; TOP-SIS; multicriteria taxonomy
