**5. Conclusions**

PDTC and ATC are rare but, unfortunately, they are lethal although a relevant different 5-year survival rate (5 years vs. 6 months). Nowadays, we know many elements of their genetic landscape and tumor microenvironment. This knowledge helped the scientific community to identify therapies which specifically target these cancers. Some of them (e.g., DTP) has recently reached the clinical practice and could be prescribed for BRAFV600E mutated ATC. However, their therapeutic benefit is still scarce and many other studies are necessary to answer these unmet clinical needs.

**Funding:** This research received no external funding.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
