*5.1. Aptamer-Based Probes*

Aptamers are nucleic acids with antigen selectivity rivaling that of antibodies [145]. They bind to their target through electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and induced fitting. Aptamers also offer target recognition that is comparable to traditional antibodies. Unlike antibodies, however, aptamers can be produced more feasibly. Its additional advantages include favorable storage properties and limited immunogenicity in vivo [146]. The major drawback of aptamers is the lack of stability in vivo. Regarding their application in TC, only a few aptamer probes have been reported [15].
