*3.7. Postoperative Serum Calcium*

As shown in Table 4, 17 studies reported on postoperative hypocalcemia among their patients. Some demonstrated an absence of postoperative hypocalcemia [44,60,66].

Benmiloud et al. reported a significantly lower rate of hypocalcemia in the NIRAF group compared with the standard group (14.3% vs. 21.7%; *p* = 0.007) [45]. Permanent hypocalcemia was reported in only one study, where three patients in the control group (conventional surgery) required calcium supplementation over 6 months, as opposed to no patients in the study group (autofluorescence) [53]. Razavi et al. [48] observed hypocalcemia in 7.9% of the ICG group versus 3.9% of the conventional group. Dip et al. [62] reported higher mean serum calcium levels in the study group compared with the control group, although this finding did not reach a level of statistical significance. In a study in which patients with an ICG score of at least 2 in one PG were randomized into two groups, of which one group received calcium supplementation and the other did not [65], none

of the participants in either group had hypocalcemia. Moreover, there were no significant differences in serum calcium levels between the two groups.
