3.3.2. Cementoplasty

Percutaneous cementoplasty (vertebroplasty in the spine) is a minimally invasive procedure that involves the injection of bone cement (polymethylmethacrylate) into BMs with structural weakness, to provide pain relief and mechanical stability [73,74]. This procedure is usually applied to patients experiencing significant pain due to osteolytic and destructive BMs, especially in weight-bearing bones, including the spine and pelvis, which are common sites for DTC-BM [70,74,75]. Cementoplasty can be used in combination with other procedures, such as radiofrequency ablation and RAI therapy [75]. A careful indication of cementoplasty is required in patients with solitary or oligometastatic lesions because the procedure can theoretically increase the number of circulating tumor cells from the treated BMs [76]. A case report has demonstrated that pulmonary intravascular metastases developed as a result of vertebroplasty for prostate cancer spinal metastases [77].
