*3.8. Additional Duration of Surgery*

The duration of surgery or additional time spent on NIR imaging during surgery was given in 10 of the 25 studies, with an additional time of 3–10 min for the procedure. In one study [45], the procedures in the NIRAF group required an additional time of 8 min compared with those in the standard group, which is in contrast with another study [64]. The total operating time was not significantly affected by NIRAF imaging in another study [57]. In contrast, a different study reported that NIRAF added 5–8 min to the operating time, with ICG use adding another 3 min [54]. Four other studies [57,59,60,62] also reported that NIR imaging required an additional time of 3–10 min.

The average durations of the entire procedure were 92 ± 32 min and 109.1 ± 49.8 min in two studies [50,52], with 5 min spent on NIR imaging in [50].
