2.3.6. Zeta-Potential

The zeta-potential of CLCNF and LCNF was determined using a Zetasizer NanoZS instrument (Zetasizer Nano ZS90, Malvern Instruments Limited, Worcestershire, UK). CLCNF and LCNF were prepared at the same consistency of 0.1 wt% and adjusted to different pH for zeta-potential measurements. First, the zeta-potential of all samples was measured at pH 7. Then, the zeta-potential of CLCNF-3 and LCNF in the pH range of 3–11 (i.e., pH = 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11) was reported.
