*2.5. Fabrication of Solid-State Supercapacitors*

The surface of the gold electrode (GE) was modified to evaluate the electrochemical activity of pure PPy and PPy/GA composites. Before using the GE, it was meticulously polished with 0.3 μm alumina (Al2O3) powder, rinsed with deionized water, then ethanol, and then sonicated for 10 min. After that, the material was ultrasonically dispersed for 5 min to prepare an effective and uniform chloroform solution of any specified composition of PPy/GA. The surface of the GE was modified using the 5 μL PPy/GA composite solution to obtain the PPy/GA/GE. The electrode was kept at room temperature for 10 min to dry completely. The surface of the electrode was activated by cycling the voltage from −0.4 to 0.8 V at a scan rate of 100 mV/s ina1M solution of H2SO4. The modified electrode was carefully cleaned with distilled water before and after the experiment, then reactivated using the method described above (Figure 2).

**Figure 2.** Schematic illustration of the electrode fabrication towards electrochemical properties.
