2.7.3. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

To investigate the morphological features of the vesicles, γ-oryzanol liposome (with and without chitosan coating) was dispersed onto the laboratory lamel and dried at 37 ◦C, then transferred to adhesive-coated aluminum pin stubs. The stubs were coated with a thin layer of gold and examined using a scanning electron microscope (MIRA3, TESCAN, Brno, Czech Republic) [17].

#### 2.7.4. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) Measurements

For TEM measurement, 5 μL of each sample was placed onto a copper grid coated with carbon film for 3 min before being blotted off using filter paper. After that, 10 μL of contrast dye containing 2% uranyl acetate was placed onto the grid, left for 2 min, and blotted off with filter paper. Finally, the grids were loaded onto a specimen holder and then into a transmission electron microscope (100 Kv; LEO 906, Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany).
