*2.3. Preparation of Cubosome and Cubosome Containing Tamarillo Extract*

The lyotropic liquid cubic phase was prepared and dispersed into cubosomes (CUB) as previously described in previous studies [18–20]. Briefly, molten monoolein (50 ◦C) was mixed with MilliQ water at a mass ratio of 60:40 to form the cubic phase. The cubic phase gel was equilibrated at room temperature for at least 48 h. Then, 25 mg of cubic phase gel was added to 5 mL of Pluronic F127 solution (2% (*w*/*v*)), and sonicated using a probe sonicator (BEM-150A, Bueno Biotech Ltd., Nanjing, China) (50% amplitude, pulsing 5 s on, 5 s off, for 7 min total run time) to obtain cubosomes (CUB). In parallel, the water was replaced by the tamarillo extract with a mass ratio of 60:40 (monoolein: tamarillo extract) to produce tamarillo polyphenol loaded-cubosomes (CUBTAM).

#### *2.4. Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)*

Microstructure and morphology of CUB and CUBTAM particles were observed using a polarized light microscope (DM750, Leica, Wetzlar, Germany) equipped with a digital camera (ICC50HD, Leica, Wetzlar, Germany). Dried CUB and CUBTAM were coated by using Platinum (Pt) using a sputtering technique with a Sputter Coater (Hitachi E-1045, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) for 60 s at room temperature. The particle morphology was then observed by a scanning electron microscope (Hitachi SU-70 Schottky, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan) at 25 mA and 10 kV [21].
