*2.5. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS)*

Each sample of the CUB and CUBTAM diluted 20× in MilliQ was measured in triplicate using disposable plastic cuvettes at 25 ◦C. Particle size and its distribution were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) using a Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments Ltd., Worcestershire, UK). The mean *z*-average diameter and polydispersity indices (PDI) were obtained from cumulative analysis using the Malvern software version 7.13 (Malvern Panalytical Ltd., Worcestershire, UK) [18].

#### *2.6. Determination of the Entrapment Efficiency (EE)*

The sample preparation procedure was applied according to Zhou et al. [22] with minor modifications. Briefly, 20 μL of CUB or CUBTAM were transferred into a 1 mL Eppendorf microcentrifuge tube and made up to volume with methanol. Then, the sample solutions were centrifuged at 5000 RPM for 5 min, and the supernatant was separated and transferred to an amber 1.8 mL glass vial, then injected into the LC-MS system.

The phenolic and anthocyanin compounds were analysed by using LC-MS according to our previous study [13] without further modification. According to Patil, Pawara, Gudewar and Tekade [23], the entrapment efficiency (EE%) is calculated as follows:

$$\text{EE\%} = \frac{\text{A} - \text{B}}{\text{A}} \times 100$$

where A is the polyphenol concentration added into cubosome and B is the polyphenol concentration present in the supernatant
