*2.8. Encapsulation Efficiency*

Encapsulation efficiency was calculated by considering the nonencapsulated compounds present in the GCPPE before the encapsulation process and the encapsulated compounds after the spray drying process. The identification and quantification of phenolic compounds from GCPPE were specified in a previous article [2] (see detail Supplementary Materials Table S1). Extraction of polyphenols from the microcapsules was performed according to the procedure of Robert et al. [26] with minor modifications. Before the analysis, samples were dissolved in highly pure deionized water containing 0.1% *v*/*v* formic acid (1 mg/mL). The GCPPE was centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 5 min at 4 ◦C. The supernatant was recovered, and the extraction procedure was repeated twice. The supernatants were combined and evaporated under nitrogen flow, and the residue was reconstituted in 0.1% aqueous formic acid (5 mL). The samples were filtered through 0.20 μm PTFE membrane filters (Waters Corporation, Milford, CT, USA) into an amber vial. Subsequently, both samples were analyzed using LC -ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap- MS to determine the individual degree of encapsulation according to the method described above (Section 2.7). We estimated the encapsulation efficiency (EE), according to Radünz et al. [27], based on Equation (4):

$$\text{EE} \left( \% \right) = \frac{\text{Phenodic compound of GCPPE} - \text{Phenodic compound of the capsule}}{\text{Phenodic compound of GCPPE}} \times 100\tag{4}$$
