2.7.5. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR)

To determine the functional groups of liposomes, lyophilized samples (ALPHA 1–4 LD freeze dryer, Martin Christ, Osterode am Harz, Germany) were formed into KBr pellets with a mass ratio of 1:100 [17]. The samples were analyzed using FTIR (4300, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) from 4000 to 400 cm−<sup>1</sup> with a minimum of 256 scans/spectrum and a constant scan speed of 4◦/s.
