*Article* **Considerations on Field Methodology for Macrofungi Studies in Fragmented Forests of Mediterranean Agricultural Landscapes**

**Abel Fernández Ruiz <sup>1</sup> , David Rodríguez de la Cruz 1,2,\* , José Luis Vicente Villardón 3 , Sergio Sánchez Durán 4,5 , Prudencio García Jiménez <sup>1</sup> and José Sánchez Sánchez 1,2**


**Abstract:** The methodology used for the determination of macrofungal diversity in Mediterranean areas differs in the time of sampling and the number of years displayed, making it difficult to compare results. Furthermore, the results could be refuted because the studies are being conducted over an insufficient number of years or without considering the variation of the meteorological conditions from one year to the next and its effects on fruiting time, which might not fit the sampling. In order to optimize field work on fungal fruiting in Mediterranean environments dominated by holm oak (*Quercus ilex* L.), a weekly field analysis of macrofungal diversity from February 2009 to June 2013 was carried out in a Mediterranean holm oak forest in the middle-west of the Iberian Peninsula. The results revealed that fruiting bodies appeared throughout the year and that there was a delay in autumn fruiting, overlapping with spring. All this seems to indicate that weekly collection throughout the year and for a period of two years could be sufficient to estimate the macrofungal biodiversity of this ecosystem.

**Keywords:** macrofungi; field sampling; fungal diversity; Mediterranean forests; *Quercus ilex*
