*2.4. Data Extraction*

The data that were extracted from the eligible studies by two independent researchers (CYK and BL) were entered into a Microsoft Excel file. The following data were extracted: first author, country, information related to the risk of bias assessment, sample size, mean age and sex ratio of participants, the condition of COPD (acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) and stable COPD), diagnostic criteria for COPD, pattern identification, details of intervention, methods of manual therapy, treatment duration, timing of assessment, outcomes, and results. Discrepancies were resolved by discussion with a third researcher (KIK).
