**5. Conclusions**

We conducted a PMA and NMA to evaluate the effects of various acupuncture modalities on patients with idiopathic PD. The probability of comparative effectiveness in motor symptoms of patients with idiopathic PD was assumed to be in the order of BEEV, MANU, ELEC, SHAM, and CONV. However, more rigorous RCTs are needed for further NMA, including non-motor symptoms of PD. Along with conventional levodopa therapy, BVA, electroacupuncture, and MA could be more effective in clinical practice than single-drug therapy.

**Supplementary Materials:** The following are available online at https://www.mdpi.com/article/ 10.3390/healthcare9111502/s1. Supplemental Digital Content 1. Search strategies used on each database. Supplemental Digital Content 2. Articles excluded after the full text review with reasons. Supplemental Digital Content 3. Risk of bias graph. Supplemental Digital Content 4. Forest plot of PMA (UPDRS-III and UPDRS-II). Supplemental Digital Content 5. Net-split plot: UPDRS-III score. Supplemental Digital Content 6. Sensitivity analysis. Supplemental Digital Content 7. Network plot, forest plot, league table, net-split plot, and funnel plot on the secondary outcome (UPDRS-II).

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, J.L. and T.-h.K.; methodology, M.J.C.; software, J.L.; validation, T.-h.K.; formal analysis, J.L. and M.K.; investigation, M.K.; resources, J.L.; data curation, M.J.C.; writing—original draft preparation, M.K.; writing—review and editing, J.L. and T.-h.K.; visualization, J.L.; supervision, T.-h.K.; project administration, J.L.; funding acquisition, J.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This work was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (No. NRF-2019R1F1A1059310).

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not Applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** Data are available on request to the corresponding author. The study protocol is available at the open science platform (https://osf.io/q8n7z/).

**Acknowledgments:** This article is based on the doctorate thesis of Miri Kwon.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
