**5. Conclusions**

Vegetables, one of the most important foods for humans, are also efficient phytoextractants of heavy metals in soils. When grown on heavy or light-textured soils irrigated with sewage water, vegetable crops phytoextracted the heavy metals to highly toxic levels. Spinach was the most efficient phytoextractant followed by cauliflower and lettuce, while brinjal was the least efficient of all. We sugges<sup>t</sup> that soils, when irrigated with sewage water having excessive concentrations of the studied heavy metals, may transfer these metals in toxic amounts to vegetable crop plants.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, I.A., S.S. and S.A.M.; methodology, I.A., A.-u.R.; software, T.M.M.; validation, I.A., S.S. and S.A.M.; formal analysis, T.M.M.; investigation, I.A., S.S., A.-u.R. and S.A.M.; resources, S.S.; data curation, I.A.; writing—original draft preparation, I.A.; writing—review and editing, S.S., A.-u.R., and T.M.M.; visualization, I.A., and A.-u.R.; supervision, S.S., T.M.M.; project administration, S.A.M., and S.S.; funding acquisition, S.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research received funding from the Bahauddin Zakariya University (GR-2021-197), Multan, and Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture (GR-2021-Mul-427), Multan.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable.

**Data Availability Statement:** All data analyzed in this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
