**8. Conclusions**

This research proposes a simple low-cost PMMS utilizing a smartphone app and Google Earth for small to intermediate cities in developing countries. The system uses an Android application installed on a smartphone to measure the road surface roughness based on GPS and accelerometer sensors. Google Earth is utilized for the visual illustration of the road conditions and other analyses.

The proposed system was implemented in Hajjah, a city in Yemen. The results reveal that IRI measurements performed by the app and Google Earth can provide a low-cost solution for cities such as Hajjah to manage their road network at an acceptable level. Google Earth is an excellent tool that can display road network conditions and all other attributes related to road maintenance management.

The following conclusions can be drawn from these results:


**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, formal analysis, funding acquisition, investigation, methodology, project administration, and resources, A.I.A.-M.; visualization, A.I.A.-M. and A.H.A.-Q.; writing— original draft, A.I.A.-M. and A.H.A.-Q.; writing—review and editing, A.H.A.-Q. and A.I.A.-M. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** The authors would like to acknowledge the support provided by the Researchers Supporting Project Number (RSP2022R424), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** Not applicable.

**Informed Consent Statement:** Not applicable. **Data Availability Statement:** Available upon request and with regulations.

**Acknowledgments:** The authors acknowledge King Saud University for providing the funding for this research paper.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
