**Appendix A**

**Table A1.** Association between urinary caffeine metabolites and urine flow rate in NHANES 2009–2010.



**Table A1.** *Cont.*

Model 1 = unadjusted. Model 2 = Model 1 + age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Model 3 = Model 2 + BMI, serum fasting glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and urine creatinine. Model 4 = Model 3 + congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, angina, heart attack, smoking, caffeine intake, and water intake.

#### **References**


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