*Article* **Development of Comfort and Safety Performance of Passenger Seats in Large City Buses**

**Ivan Kernytskyy 1, Yevheniia Yakovenko 2, Orest Horbay 2, Maryana Ryviuk 3, Ruslan Humenyuk 3, Yaroslav Sholudko 3, Yurii Voichyshyn 3, Łukasz Mazur 1, Piotr Osi ´nski 1, Konstantin Rusakov <sup>1</sup> and Eugeniusz Koda 1,\***


**Abstract:** A bus seat needs to be designed ergonomically for better seating comfort. The present study is intended to develop a cost-effective ergonomic bus seat design based on seat comfort and safety demands. As part of the proposed seat design procedure, seating comfort analysis, identifying preferred design features, and developing a seat design are included. An analysis of the bus seat back and seat pan profiles was conducted. Based on the results of the comfort analysis, the authors identified the preferred design features of bus seats during the design identification process. An improved bus seat prototype was developed based on selected design features in the design development stage. Seating comfort analyses were used to compare the achieved seat with the reference seat. The seat design developed in the present study may be applicable for various types of bus public transport.

**Keywords:** public transport; bus seat; seating comfort analysis; FEM model; structural safety assessment; ergonomics
