*Article* **Parameters Influencing on Electric Vehicle Range**

**Emilia M. Szumska and Rafał S. Jurecki \***

Department of Automotive Engineering and Transport, Faculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, Ave. Tysi ˛aclecia Pa ´nstwa Polskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland; eszumska@tu.kielce.pl

**\*** Correspondence: rjurecki@tu.kielce.pl

**Abstract:** There is a range of anxiety-related phenomena among users and potential buyers of electric vehicles. Chief among them is the fear of the vehicle stopping and its users getting "stuck" before reaching their designated destination. The limited range of an electric vehicle makes EV users worry that the battery will drain while driving and the vehicle will stall on the road. It is therefore important to know the factors that could further reduce the range during daily vehicle operation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of selected parameters on a battery's depth of discharge (DOD). In a simulation study of an electric vehicle, the effects of the driving cycle, ambient temperature, load, and initial state of charge of the accumulator on the energy consumption pattern and a battery's depth of discharge (DOD) were analyzed. The simulation results confirmed that the route taken has the highest impact on energy consumption. The presented results show how significantly the operating conditions of an electric vehicle affect the energy life. This translates into an electric vehicle's range.

**Keywords:** electric vehicle; electric vehicle range; depth of discharge
