*Article* **A Data Augmentation Method for War Trauma Using the War Trauma Severity Score and Deep Neural Networks**

**Jibin Yin <sup>1</sup> , Pengfei Zhao <sup>1</sup> , Yi Zhang 2,\*, Yi Han <sup>3</sup> and Shuoyu Wang <sup>3</sup>**


**Abstract:** The demand for large-scale analysis and research of data on trauma from modern warfare is increasing day by day, but the amount of existing data is not sufficient to meet such demand. In this study, an integrated modeling approach incorporating a war trauma severity scoring algorithm (WTSS) and deep neural networks (DNN) is proposed. First, the proposed WTSS, which uses multiple non-linear regression based on the characteristics of war trauma data and the medical evaluation by an expert panel, performed a standardized assessment of an injury and predicts its trauma consequences. Second, to generate virtual injury, based on the probability of occurrence, the injured parts, injury types, and complications were randomly sampled and combined, and then WTSS was used to assess the consequences of the virtual injury. Third, to evaluate the accuracy of the predicted injury consequences, we built a DNN classifier and then trained it with the generated data and tested it with real data. Finally, we used the Delphi method to filter out unreasonable injuries and improve data rationality. The experimental results verified that the proposed approach surpassed the traditional artificial generation methods, achieved a prediction accuracy of 84.43%, and realized large-scale and credible war trauma data augmentation.

**Keywords:** artificial intelligence; data augmentation; war trauma severity score; deep neural network
