**6. Conclusions**

Disparities in knowledge of the HCS in the reception country, language barriers, and the perceived level of urgency of medical care seem to be the main reasons for AS to seek care in ED for low-acuity medical issues. In both groups, the decision to present to the ED was influenced by the unlimited access over 24 h, expectation of better treatment in the ED and the perceived level of urgency.

Measures to increase health literacy and provision of easily accessible primary care could improve quality of care and reduce the usage of EDs as primary care providers to AS. Implementation and usage of a professional interpreting service will relieve family and friends from this role and might provide better and equal care.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization, K.K., A.S., S.J., A.J. and D.S.; methodology, K.K., M.M., A.J. and D.S.; validation, M.M. and A.J.; formal analysis A.S., M.M. and A.J.; investigation, K.K., A.S. and M.M.; resources, A.E..; data curation, K.K., A.S., A.J.; writing—original draft preparation, K.K., A.S., A.B., A.J. and D.S.; writing—review and editing, all authors; visualization, K.K., A.S. and A.J.; supervision, A.J. and D.S.; project administration, K.K. and D.S.; funding acquisition, A.D.B., A.E. and D.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript

**Funding:** The study was partly funded by the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (FOPH), Nr. 16.925522 and a Fulbright Specialist Grant awarded to AB.

**Acknowledgments:** We thank Yvonne Bogenstätter (YB) for the design of the questionnaire, and Nicole Frischknecht, Jolanta Klukowska-Rötzler, Romana Saredi, and Sabina Utiger for their administrative and technical support.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
