*2.2. Measures*

The survey consisted of a nineteen-item patient questionnaire and a nine-item physician questionnaire. The patient questionnaire covered questions about the patient's demographics and socioeconomic status (SES), including education, language skills and current employment situation. Furthermore, all participants were asked about their health-seeking behavior, including previous visits to a general practitioner (GP), the perceived level of urgency of the current visit, their motives in seeking help in the ED and their knowledge of the Swiss health care system (HCS). The attending physician assessed the urgency of the consultation and the discharge status.
