**5. Conclusions**

Policies to protect the health of URAS are mainly influenced by the ideology of national security and international relations and the concept of human rights is considered "low politics" in the power operations in all political spheres. The ambiguity of the policies relating to URAS coming from central authorities has caused varying legal interpretations and incoherence of practice among frontline officers regarding healthcare for URAS. The right to legitimate employment and public insurance enrollment are issues that should be implemented soon in order to improve URAS's livelihoods. Further studies that examine the feasibility of implementing these proposals and the extension of studies to cover refugees and asylum seekers from non-urban settings, such as detainment centers or sheltered areas, are recommended.

**Supplementary Materials:** The following are available online at https://www.mdpi.com/article/10 .3390/ijerph182010566/s1, Supplementary File S1: questionnaires for Delphi survey, Supplementary File S2: coding tree.

**Author Contributions:** All authors set the study. Conceptualization, S.J. and R.S.; methodology, S.J. and R.S.; formal analysis, S.J., M.P., P.S., W.K., N.P. and R.S.; writing—original draft preparation, S.J.; writing—review and editing, M.P., P.S., W.K., N.P. and R.S.; visualization, S.J.; project administration, P.S.; funding acquisition R.S.; supervision, R.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** The publication fee of this article was supported by the Health Systems Research Institute (HSRI), Thailand.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** This study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and ap-proved by the Institute for the Development of Human Research Protections in Thailand (IHRP 595/2562).

**Informed Consent Statement:** Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.

**Data Availability Statement:** Data available on request due to ethical restrictions.

**Acknowledgments:** The authors would like to thank government officials, non-governmental organization staff, international organization representatives, and urban refugees and asylum seekers for their support to conduct in-depth interviews and the Delphi survey.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare that they have no competing interest.
