*2.6. Classification Accuracy Assessment*

Considering the number of samples (n = 58, of which healthy samples = 22, and disease samples = 36), the samples were divided into three parts, two of which (n = 39) were used as training samples for model training; with the remaining part (n = 19) used as a validation dataset to verify the accuracy of the model. Accuracy evaluation was determined by the overall classification accuracy (OA), kappa coefficient, user's accuracy (U.a), and producer's accuracy (P.a) from confusion matrices [46].
