*3.1. Tensile Test*

The machine that was used for the tensile test was the Hounsfield tensometer (universal testing machine). The tensile test was performed using the ASTM E8 standard. The tensile test specimens were cut perpendicular to the welding direction (see Figure 6). The tensile test specimens were designed according to the ASTM E8M-04 standard [28] for accurate dimensions. The specimens were cut using CNC wire cutters and the coordinates for cutting specimens were manually generated using 2-D drawings in Solidworks, shown in Figure 7. This method of cutting was selected because it does not induce heat during cutting. There were three tensile specimens extracted from different locations of the plate (see Figure 6). The extensometer was used to capture the data relevant to the joint.

**Figure 6.** FSW plate showing specimen positioning.

**Figure 7.** Tensile test specimen.

The specimens were tensile tested until they fractured.
