*Entry* **John II Komnenos (1118–1143)**

**Maximilian Christopher George Lau 1,2**

> 1 Department for Economic History, Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo 186-8601, Japan; max.lau@stb.ox.ac.uk 2 DepartmentforLateAntiqueandByzantineStudies,StBenet'sHall,UniversityofOxford,

 Oxford OX1 3LN, UK **Abstract:** John II Komnenos was the son of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos and Eirene Doukaina, and brother of Princess Anna Komnene, the author of the *Alexiad*. Born in 1087, he was crowned soon after his fifth birthday as co-emperor with his father, and in 1105, he was married to Piroska Árpád, daughter of King Ladislaus I of Hungary and Adelaide of Rheinfelden. He is principally known for continuing his father's work of stabilising Byzantium after the crises of the eleventh century. This included major wars of defence and conquest in both the Balkans and Anatolia, and especially a major eastern expedition in 1137–1139. During this campaign, he conquered Cilicia, but he was recalled to defend his borders against the Turks before he could make further conquests in Syria and bring the crusader states under his aegis. He died in a hunting accident just before he returned to Syria, with intentions to go to Jerusalem as well. His best-known iconographic representation is a mosaic of him and his wife in the Great Church of Sophia. Whilst there is also an image of him in a contemporary ornate gospel book, his most common representations are found on his many coin issues and seals.

**Keywords:** royal images; royal iconography; Byzantium; Komnenos; John II Komnenos
