*Entry* **T'amar Bagrationi (1184–1210)**

**Irakli Tezelashvili**

> The Courtauld Institute of Art, University of London, Somerset House, Strand, London WC2R 0RN, UK; irakli.tezelashvili@courtauld.ac.uk

**Definition:** T'amar Bagrationi, Queen of Georgia (1184–1210). T'amar Bagrationi was the ninth monarch from the royal house of Bagrationis who ruled over the united Georgian Kingdom. She reigned as a co-monarch alongside her father, Giorgi III, from 1178, assuming full authority in 1184. During her reign, dynastic legitimacy necessitated the appearance of the monumental royal portraits displaying the monarch with immediate predecessors and heirs. T'amar's gender required introduction of meticulous visual language that would re-gender her with all signs of a male ruler and justify her status and sole right to rule. This notion was embodied in her portraits that were carefully incorporated in the overall programmes of the churches. T'amar's five monumental depictions survive where she is identified in inscriptions; two other monumental images are presumed to depict her. Of all the depictions, only one can be determined to have been commissioned directly by her. T'amar's imagery relies on Byzantine elements and adheres to established Georgian models for the local royal portraiture; however, it also adopted sophisticated visual means that was aptly used for manifesting royal power and manipulating authority over the nobility.

**Keywords:** royal iconography; Kingdom of Georgia; Bagrationi dynasty; Queen T'amar of Georgia; legitimacy; Byzantine imperial costume; gender studies
