**Eugene Oks**

He received his Ph.D. degree from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, and later the highest degree of Doctor of Sciences from the Institute of General Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR by the decision of the Scientific Council led by the Nobel Prize winner, academician A.M. Prokhorov. According to the Statute of the Doctor of Sciences degree, this highest degree is awarded only to the most outstanding Ph.D. scientists who founded a new research field of a grea<sup>t</sup> interest. Oks worked in Moscow (USSR) as the head of a research unit at the Center for Studying Surfaces and Vacuum, then – at the Ruhr University in Bochum (Germany) as an invited professor, and for the last 30 plus years – at the Physics Department of the Auburn University (USA) in the position of Professor. He conducted research in 5 areas: atomic and molecular physics, astrophysics, plasma physics, laser physics, and nonlinear dynamics. He founded/co-founded and developed new research fields, such as intra-Stark spectroscopy (new class of nonlinear optical phenomena in plasmas), masing without inversion (advanced schemes for generating/amplifying coherent microwave radiation), and quantum chaos (nonlinear dynamics in the microscopic world). He also developed a large number of advanced spectroscopic methods for diagnosing various laboratory and astrophysical plasmas – the methods that were then used and are used by many experimental groups around the world. He recently revealed that there are two flavors of hydrogen atoms, as proven by the analysis of atomic experiments; there is also a possible astrophysical proof – from observations of the 21 cm radio line from the early Universe. He showed that dark matter or at least a part of it can be represented by the second flavor of hydrogen atoms. He published about 550 papers and 11 books, including the books "Plasma Spectroscopy: The Influence of Microwave and Laser Fields", "Stark Broadening of Hydrogen and Hydrogenlike Spectral Lines in Plasmas: The Physical Insight", "Breaking Paradigms in Atomic and Molecular Physics", "Diagnostics of Laboratory and Astrophysical Plasmas Using Spectral Lineshapes of One-, Two, and Three-Electron Systems", "Unexpected Similarities of the Universe with Atomic and Molecular Systems: What a Beautiful World", "Analytical Advances in Quantum and Celestial Mechanics: Separating Rapid and Slow Subsystems", "Advances in X-Ray Spectroscopy of Laser Plasmas", "Simple Atomic and Molecular Systems: New Results and Applications", "Advances in the Physics of Rydberg Atoms and Molecules", and "The Second Flavor of Hydrogen Atoms – the Leading Candidate for Dark Matter: Theoretical Discovery and the Proofs from Experiments and Astrophysical Observations". He is the Chief Editor of the journal "International Review of Atomic and Molecular Physics" and the Editor-in-Chief of the Physical Sciences section of the journal "Foundations". He is a member of the Editorial Boards of seven other journals: 'Symmetry", "American Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics", "Dynamics", "Open Physics", "Open Journal of Microphysics", "Physics International", and "Current Physics". He is a member of the Reviewers Board of the journal "Atoms". He is also a member of the International Program Committees of the two series of conferences: Spectral Line Shapes, as well as Zvenigorod Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion.

### **Preface to "Advances in Fundamental Physics"**

This Special Issue celebrates the opening of a new section of the journal Foundation: Physical Sciences. Theoretical and experimental studies related to various areas of fundamental physics are presented in this Special Issue. The published papers are related to the following topics: dark matter, electron impact excitation, second flavor of hydrogen atoms, quantum antenna, molecular hydrogen, molecular hydrogen ion, wave pulses, Brans-Dicke theory, hydrogen Rydberg atom, high-frequency laser field, relativistic mean field formalism, nonlocal continuum field theories, parallel universe, charge exchange, van der Waals broadening, greenhouse effect, strange and unipolar electromagnetic pulses, quasicrystals, Wilhelm-Weber's electromagnetic force law, axions, photoluminescence, neutron stars, gravitational waves, diatomic molecular spectroscopy, information geometric measures of complexity.

Among 21 papers published in this Special Issue, there are 5 reviews and 16 original research papers.

> **Eugene Oks** *Editor*

## *Article* **Telling the Wave Function: An Electrical Analogy**

**Leonardo Chiatti**

> Medical Physics Laboratory, ASL VT, Via Enrico Fermi 15, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; leonardo.chiatti@asl.vt.it

**Abstract:** The double nature of material particles, i.e., their wave and corpuscular characteristics, is usually considered incomprehensible, as it cannot be represented visually. It is proposed to the student, in introductory courses, as a fact justified by quantum interference experiments for which, however, no further analysis is possible. On this note, we propose a description of the wave function in terms of a simple electrical analogy, which reproduces at least some of its essential properties. Our aim is to provide a cognitive representation of an analogical type: starting from a classical context (electrical circuits) and introducing in an appropriate way the notions of "wave" and "particle", we show how typically quantum properties such as delocalization and entanglement emerge in a natural, understandable, and intuitive way.

**Keywords:** quantum mechanics; particle–wave duality; quantum jump; quantum entanglement
