**5. Conclusions**

The cumulative incidence rate of NTM-PD at 10 years after lung cancer surgery was 2.8% (1.9 cases per 1000 person-years), which was approximately 40 times higher than that of the general population in South Korea. Half of NTM-PD patients had a cavitary lesion, which progresses rapidly and often requires treatment. In addition, host-related factors commonly known as risk factors for NTM-PD development were also identified as risk factors in patients with lung cancer surgery. Notably, lung cancer treatment-related factors, such as thoracotomies, PPCs, and additional treatment with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, were associated with the development of NTM-PD or NTM-positive results. Therefore, it is necessary to raise awareness of NTM-PD development after lung cancer surgery, especially in patients with risk factors.

**Supplementary Materials:** The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https: //www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/diagnostics12051086/s1, Table S1: The baseline characteristics of patients with NSCLC and the development of NTM-positive results after lung resection; Table S2: The treatment profile for NSCLC and the development of NTM-positive results after lung resection; Table S3: Characteristics of suspicious NTM-PD; Table S4: Prognostic factors associated with the development of NTM-positive results after lung resection for NSCLC.

**Author Contributions:** Conceptualization and methodology, B.-H.J., B.-G.K. and Y.S.C.; validation, Y.S.C., B.-H.J. and H.K.; formal analysis, B.-G.K. and Y.S.C.; investigation and resources, Y.S.C., J.H.C., H.K.K., J.K., Y.M.S., S.H.S., K.L., S.-W.U., H.K. and B.-H.J.; data curation, B.-G.K., Y.S.C., B.-H.J. and S.H.S.; writing—original draft preparation, B.-G.K.; writing—review and editing, Y.S.C. and B.-H.J.; supervision, S.H.S., K.L., S.-W.U., H.K., J.H.C., H.K.K., J.K. and Y.M.S.; project administration, B.-H.J.; All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research received no external funding.

**Institutional Review Board Statement:** The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Samsung Medical Center (IRB no. 2021-04-016) (Approval date: 6 April 2021).

**Informed Consent Statement:** Patient consent was waived because the patient information was de-identified and anonymized prior to the retrospective analysis.

**Data Availability Statement:** Data and material are available on reasonable request.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
