*3.1. Energy Dependence*

#### 3.1.1. Energy Import Ratio

Most countries are engaged in the import and export of resources and products. The energy import ratio can be used as a simple index to estimate the energy dependence of a country. It describes the ratio between energy imports and the total imports of the country established as follows:

$$D\_1 = \frac{EI\_T}{AI\_T} = \frac{\sum\_{i=1}^{N} EI\_i}{AI\_T} \tag{1}$$

where *D*<sup>1</sup> is the energy import ratio, *AIT* represents the total of all imports, and *EIT* is the primary energy import total obtained by the sum of each energy import total. The value of *i* denotes the index of the types of energy sources, *N* is the number of the types of energy sources, and *EIi* is the amount of the *ith* primary energy import.
