2.4.3. Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) Method

The FWO model takes the apparent activation energy to be constant during the thermal decomposition process and engages Doyle's relation to approximate the temperature integral function. Taking the logarithm of the integral function and inserting Doyle's approximation yields Equation (7).

$$\log \beta = \log \left( A \frac{E}{R \lg(\theta)} \right) - 2.315 - 0.4567 \frac{E}{RT} \tag{7}$$

A plot of log *β* against <sup>1</sup> *<sup>T</sup>* for different heating rates produces straight lines. Again, the activation energy can be evaluated from the slope of the lines as *slope* <sup>=</sup> <sup>−</sup>0.4567 *<sup>E</sup> R* .
