**5. Conclusions**

DG resources have been applied to reduce LMPs and maximize the social welfare of the network to reach ISO's main objectives. It has been shown that by applying DGs in power grids and stabilizing the LMP of the busbars, the congestion was managed and the production of more expensive units was minimized. Additionally, the social welfare of the network was maximized for the seasons under contract with DG. The blockchain technology has been used to secure messages and exchanged data between ISO and underoperating agents.

The results demonstrated that ISO can modify its polices and use the potential and benefits of DGSs to increase social welfare and reduce line density by concluding contracts in accordance with the production values given. In addition to the cyber security reinforcement, the considered policy sample is decentralized, transparent, and secured, and is able to decrease the risks to the network, remove the financial spoof, and reduce the whole cost of operation.

The outcomes of simulation on a trial system confirmed the great effectiveness and performance of the considered policy frame, particularly in the presence of a cyber-attack where the information is not available for outside unwarranted parts of the system. This is chiefly because the HAs are altered in any repeat.

**Author Contributions:** M.D. and M.G. proposed the idea, developed the model, and performed the simulation works and also wrote the paper. T.N. and A.K.-F. led the project. F.T.-H., M.S. and N.G. were in charge of reviewing and editing the paper. This work was conducted under the supervision of T.N., F.T.-H. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

**Funding:** This research received no external funding.

**Data Availability Statement:** Data is contained within the article.

**Conflicts of Interest:** The authors declare no conflict of interest.
